742 Modern Food Microbiology
16. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2003. Foodborne transmission of hepatitis A—Massachusetts, 2001. Morb.
Mort. Wkly. Rep. 52:565–567.
17. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2002. Outbreaks of gastroenteritis associated with noroviruses on cruise
ships—United States. Morb. Mort. Wkly. Rep. 51:1112–1114.
18. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1998. Ciguatera fish poisoning—Texas, 1997. Morb. Mort. Wkly. Rep.
47:692–694.
19. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1997. Results of the public health response to Pfiesteria workshop—Atlanta,
Georgia, September 29–30, 1997. Morb. Mort. Wkly. Rep. 46:951–952.
20. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1996. Invasive infection with Streptococcus iniae—Ontario, 1995–1996.
Morb. Mort. Wkly. Rep. 45:650–653.
21. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1996. Surveillance for Crutzfeldt-Jakob disease—United States. Morb. Mort.
Wkly. Rep. 45:665–668.
22. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1991. Rotavirus surveillance—United States, 1989–1990. Morb. Mort. Wkly.
Rep. 40:80–81, 87.
23. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1991. Paralytic shellfish poisoning—Massachusetts and Alaska. 1990. Morb.
Mort. Wkly. Rep. 40:157–161.
24. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1990. Viral agents of gastroenteritis. Public health importance and outbreak
management. Morb. Mort. Wkly. Rep. 39:1–23.
25. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1990. Foodborne hepatitis A—Alaska, Florida, North Carolina, Washington.
Morb. Mort. Wkly. Rep. 39:228–232.
26. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1989. Scombroid fish poisoning—Illinois, South Carolina. Morb. Mort. Wkly.
Rep. 38:140–142, 147.
27. Chakraborty, T., M.A. Montenegro, S.C. Sanyal, R. Helmuth, E. Bulling, and K.N. Timmis. 1984. Cloning of enterotoxin
gene from Aeromonas hydrophila provides conclusive evidence of production of a cytotonic enterotoxin. Infect. Immun.
46:435–441.
28. Chesebro, B. 1998. BSE and prions: Uncertainties about the agent. Science 279:42–43.
29. Cliver, D.O. 2004. How now, mad cow? Food Technol. 58(1):100.
30. Cliver, D.O. (and the IFT Expert Panel on Food Safety and Nutrition). 1988. Virus transmission via foods. Food Technol.
42(10):241–248.
31. Collinge, J., and M.S. Palmer, eds. 1997. Prion Diseases. New York: Oxford University Press.
32. Cromeans, T.L., O.V. Nainan, and H.S. Margolis. 1997. Detection of hepatitis A virus RNA in oyster meat. Appl. Environ.
Microbiol. 63:2460–2463.
33. DiGirolamo, R., J. Liston, and J.R. Matches. 1970. Survival of virus in chilled, frozen, and processed oysters. Appl.
Microbiol. 20:58–63.
34. Dix, A.B., and L.-A. Jaykus. 1998. Virion concentration method for the detection of human enteric viruses in extracts of
hard-shelled clams. J. Food Protect. 61:458–465.
35. Edelson-Mammel, S.G., and R.L. Buchanan. 2004. Thermal inactivation of Enterobacter sakazakii in rehydrated infant
formula. J. Food Protect. 67:60–63.
36. Eyles, M.J., G.R. Davey, and E.J. Huntley. 1981. Demonstration of viral contamination of oysters responsible for an
outbreak of viral gastroenteritis. J. Food Protect. 44:294–296.
37. Frank, H.A., D.H. Yoshinaga, and I.-P. Wu. 1983. Nomograph for estimating histamine formation in skipjack tuna at
elevated temperatures. Mar. Fish. Rev. 45:40–44.
38. Fugate, K.J., D.O. Cliver, and M.T. Hatch. 1975. Enteroviruses and potential bacterial indicators in Gulf Coast oysters. J.
Milk. Food Technol. 38:100–104.
39. Fuller, J.D., D.J. Bast, V. Nizet, D.E. Low, and J.C.S. de Azavedo. 2001. Streptococcus iniae virulence is associated with
a distinct genetic profile. Infect. Immun. 69:1994–2000.
40. Gerba, C.P., and D. Kayed. 2003. Caliciviruses: A major cause of foodborne illness. J. Food Protect. 68:1136–1142.
41. Gerba, C.P., and S.M. Goyal. 1978. Detection and occurrence of enteric viruses in shellfish: A review. J. Food Protect.
41:743–754.
42. Gerba, C.P., S.M. Goyal, R.L. LaBelle, I. Cech, and G.F. Bodgous. 1979. Failure of indicator bacteria to reflect the
occurrence of enteroviruses in marine waters. Am. J. Public Health 69:1116–1119.
16. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2003. Foodborne transmission of hepatitis A—Massachusetts, 2001. Morb.
Mort. Wkly. Rep. 52:565–567.
17. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2002. Outbreaks of gastroenteritis associated with noroviruses on cruise
ships—United States. Morb. Mort. Wkly. Rep. 51:1112–1114.
18. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1998. Ciguatera fish poisoning—Texas, 1997. Morb. Mort. Wkly. Rep.
47:692–694.
19. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1997. Results of the public health response to Pfiesteria workshop—Atlanta,
Georgia, September 29–30, 1997. Morb. Mort. Wkly. Rep. 46:951–952.
20. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1996. Invasive infection with Streptococcus iniae—Ontario, 1995–1996.
Morb. Mort. Wkly. Rep. 45:650–653.
21. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1996. Surveillance for Crutzfeldt-Jakob disease—United States. Morb. Mort.
Wkly. Rep. 45:665–668.
22. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1991. Rotavirus surveillance—United States, 1989–1990. Morb. Mort. Wkly.
Rep. 40:80–81, 87.
23. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1991. Paralytic shellfish poisoning—Massachusetts and Alaska. 1990. Morb.
Mort. Wkly. Rep. 40:157–161.
24. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1990. Viral agents of gastroenteritis. Public health importance and outbreak
management. Morb. Mort. Wkly. Rep. 39:1–23.
25. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1990. Foodborne hepatitis A—Alaska, Florida, North Carolina, Washington.
Morb. Mort. Wkly. Rep. 39:228–232.
26. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1989. Scombroid fish poisoning—Illinois, South Carolina. Morb. Mort. Wkly.
Rep. 38:140–142, 147.
27. Chakraborty, T., M.A. Montenegro, S.C. Sanyal, R. Helmuth, E. Bulling, and K.N. Timmis. 1984. Cloning of enterotoxin
gene from Aeromonas hydrophila provides conclusive evidence of production of a cytotonic enterotoxin. Infect. Immun.
46:435–441.
28. Chesebro, B. 1998. BSE and prions: Uncertainties about the agent. Science 279:42–43.
29. Cliver, D.O. 2004. How now, mad cow? Food Technol. 58(1):100.
30. Cliver, D.O. (and the IFT Expert Panel on Food Safety and Nutrition). 1988. Virus transmission via foods. Food Technol.
42(10):241–248.
31. Collinge, J., and M.S. Palmer, eds. 1997. Prion Diseases. New York: Oxford University Press.
32. Cromeans, T.L., O.V. Nainan, and H.S. Margolis. 1997. Detection of hepatitis A virus RNA in oyster meat. Appl. Environ.
Microbiol. 63:2460–2463.
33. DiGirolamo, R., J. Liston, and J.R. Matches. 1970. Survival of virus in chilled, frozen, and processed oysters. Appl.
Microbiol. 20:58–63.
34. Dix, A.B., and L.-A. Jaykus. 1998. Virion concentration method for the detection of human enteric viruses in extracts of
hard-shelled clams. J. Food Protect. 61:458–465.
35. Edelson-Mammel, S.G., and R.L. Buchanan. 2004. Thermal inactivation of Enterobacter sakazakii in rehydrated infant
formula. J. Food Protect. 67:60–63.
36. Eyles, M.J., G.R. Davey, and E.J. Huntley. 1981. Demonstration of viral contamination of oysters responsible for an
outbreak of viral gastroenteritis. J. Food Protect. 44:294–296.
37. Frank, H.A., D.H. Yoshinaga, and I.-P. Wu. 1983. Nomograph for estimating histamine formation in skipjack tuna at
elevated temperatures. Mar. Fish. Rev. 45:40–44.
38. Fugate, K.J., D.O. Cliver, and M.T. Hatch. 1975. Enteroviruses and potential bacterial indicators in Gulf Coast oysters. J.
Milk. Food Technol. 38:100–104.
39. Fuller, J.D., D.J. Bast, V. Nizet, D.E. Low, and J.C.S. de Azavedo. 2001. Streptococcus iniae virulence is associated with
a distinct genetic profile. Infect. Immun. 69:1994–2000.
40. Gerba, C.P., and D. Kayed. 2003. Caliciviruses: A major cause of foodborne illness. J. Food Protect. 68:1136–1142.
41. Gerba, C.P., and S.M. Goyal. 1978. Detection and occurrence of enteric viruses in shellfish: A review. J. Food Protect.
41:743–754.
42. Gerba, C.P., S.M. Goyal, R.L. LaBelle, I. Cech, and G.F. Bodgous. 1979. Failure of indicator bacteria to reflect the
occurrence of enteroviruses in marine waters. Am. J. Public Health 69:1116–1119.