724 Modern Food Microbiology
30. Enomoto, M., and M. Saito. 1972. Carcinogens produced by fungi. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 26:279–312.
31. Escher, F.E., P.E. Koehler, and J.C. Ayres. 1973. Production of ochratoxins A and B on country cured ham. Appl. Microbiol.
26:27–30.
32. Escobar, A., and O.S. Regueiro. 2002. Determination of aflatoxin B 1 in food and feedstuffs in Cuba (1990 through 1996)
using an immunoenzymatic reagent kit (Aflacen). J. Food Protect. 65:219–221.
33. Farber, J.M., and G.W. Sanders. 1986. Fusarin C production by North American isolates of Fusarium moniliforme. Appl.
Environ. Microbiol. 51:381–384.
34. Gelderblom, W.C.A., N.P.J. Kriek, W.F.O. Marasas, and P.G. Thiel. 1991. Toxicity and carcinogenicity of the Fusarium
moniliforme metabolite, fumonisin B 1 , in rats. Carcinogenesis 12:1247–1251.
35. Gelderblom, W.C.A., K. Jaskiewicz, W.F.O. Marasas, P.G. Thiel, R.M. Horak, R. Vleggaar, and N.P.J. Kriek. 1988.
Fumonisins—novel mycotoxins with cancer-promoting activity produced by Fusarium moniliforme. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54:1806–1811.
36. Gourama, H., and L.B. Bullerman. 1995. Antimycotic and antiaflatoxigenic effect of lactic acid bacteria: A review. J.
Food Protect. 58:1275–1280.
37. Gutema, T., C. Munimbazi, and L.B. Bullerman. 2000. Occurrence of fumonisins and moniliformin in corn and corn-based
food products of U.S. origin. J. Food Protect. 63:1732–1737.
38. Harrison, M.A. 1989. Presence and stability of patulin in apple products: A review. J. Food Saf. 9:147–153.
39. Henry, S.H., F.X. Bosch, T.C. Troxell, and P.M. Bolger. 1999. Reducing liver cancer—global control of aflatoxin. Science
286:2453–2454.
40. Hesseltine, C.W. 1967. Aflatoxins and other mycotoxins. Health Lab. Sci. 4:222–228.
41. Holmquist, G.U., H.W. Walker, and H.M. Stahr. 1983. Influence of temperature, pH, water activity and antifungal agents
on growth of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. J. Food Sci. 48:778–782.
42. Jorgenssen, K.V., D.L. Park, S.M. Rua, Jr., and R.L. Price. 1990. Reduction of mutagenic potentials in
milk: Effects of ammonia treatment on aflatoxin-contaminated cotton-seed. J. Food Protect. 53:777–778,
817.
43. Karunaratne, A., E. Wezenberg, and L.B. Bullerman. 1990. Inhibition of mold growth and aflatoxin production by
Lactobacillus spp. J. Food Protect. 53:230–236.
44. Kedera, C.J., R.D. Plattner, and A.E. Desjardins. 1999. Incidence of Fusarium spp. and levels of fumonisin B 1 in maize
in western Kenya. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65:41–44.
45. Kim, J.-C., and Y.-W. Lee. 1994. Sambutoxin, a new mycotoxin produced by toxic Fusarium isolates obtained from rotted
potato tubers. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:4380–4386.
46. Kim, J.-C., Y.-W. Lee, and S.-H. Yu. 1995. Sambutoxin-producing isolates of Fusarium species and occurrence of
sambutoxin in rotten potato tubers. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61:3750–3751.
47. Kurtzman, C.P., B.W. Horn, and C.W. Hesseltine. 1987. Aspergillus nominus, a new aflatoxin-producing species related
to Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus tamarii. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 53:147–158.
48. Labuza, T.P. 1983. Regulation of mycotoxins in food. J. Food Protect. 46:260–265.
49. Lee, Y.J., and W.M. Hagler, Jr. 1991. Aflatoxin and cyclopiazonic acid production by Aspergillus flavus isolated from
contaminated maize. J. Food Sci. 56:871–872.
50. Leistner, L., and C. Eckardt. 1979. Vorkommen toxigener Penicillien bei Fleischerzeugnissen. Fleischwirtsch. 59:1892–
1896.
51. Leistner, L., and F. Tauchmann. 1979. Aflatoxinbildung in Rohwurst durch verschiedene Aspergillus flavus-St¨ amme und
einer Aspergillus parasiticus-Stamm. Fleischwirtschaft 50:965–966.
52. Lie, J.L., and E.H. Marth. 1967. Formation of aflatoxin in cheddar cheese by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus.
J. Dairy Sci. 50:1708–1710.
53. Line, J.E., R.E. Brackett, and R.E. Wilkinson. 1994. Evidence for degradation of aflatoxin B 1 by Flavobacterium aurantiacum. J. Food Protect. 57:788–791.
54. Marasas, W.F.O., K. Jaskiewicz, F.S. Venter, and D.J. van Schalkwyk. 1988. Fusarium moniliforme contamination of
maize in oesophageal cancer areas in Transkei. S. Afr. Med. J. 74:110–114.
55. Marin, S., N. Magan, J. Serra, A.J. Ramos, R. Canela, and V. Sanchis. 1999. Fumonisin B 1 production and growth
of Fusarium moniliforma and Fusarium proliferatum on maize, wheat, and barley grain. J. Food Sci. 64:921–
924.
30. Enomoto, M., and M. Saito. 1972. Carcinogens produced by fungi. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 26:279–312.
31. Escher, F.E., P.E. Koehler, and J.C. Ayres. 1973. Production of ochratoxins A and B on country cured ham. Appl. Microbiol.
26:27–30.
32. Escobar, A., and O.S. Regueiro. 2002. Determination of aflatoxin B 1 in food and feedstuffs in Cuba (1990 through 1996)
using an immunoenzymatic reagent kit (Aflacen). J. Food Protect. 65:219–221.
33. Farber, J.M., and G.W. Sanders. 1986. Fusarin C production by North American isolates of Fusarium moniliforme. Appl.
Environ. Microbiol. 51:381–384.
34. Gelderblom, W.C.A., N.P.J. Kriek, W.F.O. Marasas, and P.G. Thiel. 1991. Toxicity and carcinogenicity of the Fusarium
moniliforme metabolite, fumonisin B 1 , in rats. Carcinogenesis 12:1247–1251.
35. Gelderblom, W.C.A., K. Jaskiewicz, W.F.O. Marasas, P.G. Thiel, R.M. Horak, R. Vleggaar, and N.P.J. Kriek. 1988.
Fumonisins—novel mycotoxins with cancer-promoting activity produced by Fusarium moniliforme. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54:1806–1811.
36. Gourama, H., and L.B. Bullerman. 1995. Antimycotic and antiaflatoxigenic effect of lactic acid bacteria: A review. J.
Food Protect. 58:1275–1280.
37. Gutema, T., C. Munimbazi, and L.B. Bullerman. 2000. Occurrence of fumonisins and moniliformin in corn and corn-based
food products of U.S. origin. J. Food Protect. 63:1732–1737.
38. Harrison, M.A. 1989. Presence and stability of patulin in apple products: A review. J. Food Saf. 9:147–153.
39. Henry, S.H., F.X. Bosch, T.C. Troxell, and P.M. Bolger. 1999. Reducing liver cancer—global control of aflatoxin. Science
286:2453–2454.
40. Hesseltine, C.W. 1967. Aflatoxins and other mycotoxins. Health Lab. Sci. 4:222–228.
41. Holmquist, G.U., H.W. Walker, and H.M. Stahr. 1983. Influence of temperature, pH, water activity and antifungal agents
on growth of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. J. Food Sci. 48:778–782.
42. Jorgenssen, K.V., D.L. Park, S.M. Rua, Jr., and R.L. Price. 1990. Reduction of mutagenic potentials in
milk: Effects of ammonia treatment on aflatoxin-contaminated cotton-seed. J. Food Protect. 53:777–778,
817.
43. Karunaratne, A., E. Wezenberg, and L.B. Bullerman. 1990. Inhibition of mold growth and aflatoxin production by
Lactobacillus spp. J. Food Protect. 53:230–236.
44. Kedera, C.J., R.D. Plattner, and A.E. Desjardins. 1999. Incidence of Fusarium spp. and levels of fumonisin B 1 in maize
in western Kenya. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65:41–44.
45. Kim, J.-C., and Y.-W. Lee. 1994. Sambutoxin, a new mycotoxin produced by toxic Fusarium isolates obtained from rotted
potato tubers. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60:4380–4386.
46. Kim, J.-C., Y.-W. Lee, and S.-H. Yu. 1995. Sambutoxin-producing isolates of Fusarium species and occurrence of
sambutoxin in rotten potato tubers. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61:3750–3751.
47. Kurtzman, C.P., B.W. Horn, and C.W. Hesseltine. 1987. Aspergillus nominus, a new aflatoxin-producing species related
to Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus tamarii. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 53:147–158.
48. Labuza, T.P. 1983. Regulation of mycotoxins in food. J. Food Protect. 46:260–265.
49. Lee, Y.J., and W.M. Hagler, Jr. 1991. Aflatoxin and cyclopiazonic acid production by Aspergillus flavus isolated from
contaminated maize. J. Food Sci. 56:871–872.
50. Leistner, L., and C. Eckardt. 1979. Vorkommen toxigener Penicillien bei Fleischerzeugnissen. Fleischwirtsch. 59:1892–
1896.
51. Leistner, L., and F. Tauchmann. 1979. Aflatoxinbildung in Rohwurst durch verschiedene Aspergillus flavus-St¨ amme und
einer Aspergillus parasiticus-Stamm. Fleischwirtschaft 50:965–966.
52. Lie, J.L., and E.H. Marth. 1967. Formation of aflatoxin in cheddar cheese by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus.
J. Dairy Sci. 50:1708–1710.
53. Line, J.E., R.E. Brackett, and R.E. Wilkinson. 1994. Evidence for degradation of aflatoxin B 1 by Flavobacterium aurantiacum. J. Food Protect. 57:788–791.
54. Marasas, W.F.O., K. Jaskiewicz, F.S. Venter, and D.J. van Schalkwyk. 1988. Fusarium moniliforme contamination of
maize in oesophageal cancer areas in Transkei. S. Afr. Med. J. 74:110–114.
55. Marin, S., N. Magan, J. Serra, A.J. Ramos, R. Canela, and V. Sanchis. 1999. Fumonisin B 1 production and growth
of Fusarium moniliforma and Fusarium proliferatum on maize, wheat, and barley grain. J. Food Sci. 64:921–
924.