706 Modern Food Microbiology
35. Fayer, R. 1975. Effects of refrigeration, cooking and freezing on Sarcocystis in beef from retail food stores. Proc. Helm.
Soc. Wash. 42:138–140.
36. Feldman, H.A., and L.T. Miller. 1956. Serological study of toxoplasmosis prevalence. Am. J. Hyg. 64:320–335.
37. Forbes, L.B., I. Measures, A. Gajadhar, and C. Kapel. 2003. Infectivity of Trichinella nativa in traditional northern
(country) foods prepared with meat from experimentally infected seals. J. Food Protect. 66:1857–1863.
38. Gammon, D.L., J.D. Kemp, J.M. Edney, and W.Y. Varney. 1968. Salt, moisture and aging times effects on the viability of
Trichinella spiralis in pork hams and shoulders. J. Food Sci. 33:417–419.
39. Gangarosa, E.J., and J.A. Donadio. 1970. Surveillance of foodborne disease in the United States. J. Infect. Dis. 62:354–358.
40. Grabda, J., and J.W. Bier. 1988. Cultivation as an estimate for infectivity of larval Anisakis simplex from processed herring.
J. Food Protect. 51:734–736.
41. Griffiths, J.K., R. Balakrishnan, G. Widmer, and S. Tzipori. 1998. Paromomycin and geneticin inhibit intracellular
Cryptosporidium parvum without trafficking through the host cell cytoplasm: Implications for drug delivery. Infect.
Immun. 66:3874–3883.
42. Hanes, D.E., R.W. Worobo, P.A. Orlandi, D.H. Burr, M.D. Miliotis, M.G. Robl, J.W. Bier, M.J. Arrowood, J.J. Churey,
and G.J. Jackson. 2002. Inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in fresh apple cider by UV irradiation. Appl.
Environ. Microbiol. 68:4168–4172.
43. Hayes, E.B., T.D. Matte, T.R. O’Brien, T.W. McKinely, G.S. Logsdon, J.B. Rose, B.L.P. Ungar, D.M. Word, P.F.
Pinsky, M.L. Cummings, M.A. Wilson, E.G. Long, E.S. Hurwitz, and D.J. Juranek. 1989. Large community outbreak of
cryptosporidiosis due to contamination of a filtered public water supply. N. Engl. J. Med. 320:1372–1376.
44. Herwaldt, B.L., M.-L. Ackers, and the Cyclospora Working Group. 1997. An outbreak in 1996 of cyclosporiasis associated
with imported raspberries. N. Engl. J. Med. 336:1548–1556.
45. Higashi, G.I. 1985. Foodborne parasites transmitted to man from fish and other aquatic foods. Food Technol. 39(3):69–74,
111.
46. Hilwig, R.W., J.D. Cramer, and K.S. Forsyth. 1978. Freezing times and temperatures required to kill cysticerci of Taenia
saginata in beef. Vet. Parasitol. 4:215–219.
47. Huang, P., J.T. Weber, D.M. Sosin, P. M. Griffin, E.G. Long, J.J. Murphy, F. Kocka, C. Peters, and C. Kallick. 1995. The
first reported outbreak of diarrheal illness associated with Cyclospora in the United States. Ann. Intern. Med. 123:409–414.
48. Jackson, G.J. 1990. Parasitic protozoa and worms relevant to the U.S. Food Technol. 44(5):106–112.
49. Jackson, G.J. 1975. The “new disease” status of human anisakiasis and North American cases: A review. J. Milk Food
Technol. 38:769–773.
50. Jackson, G.J., J.W. Bier, W.L. Payne, T.A. Gerding, and W.G. Knollenberg. 1978. Nematodes in fresh market fish of the
Washington, D.C. area. J. Food Protect. 41:613–620.
51. Jackson, M.H., and W.M. Hutchinson. 1989. The prevalence and source of Toxoplasma infection in the environment. Adv.
Parasitol. 28:55–105.
52. Jacobs, L. 1962. Parasites in food. In Chemical and Biological Hazards in Food, ed. J.C. Ayres et al., 248–266. Ames:
Iowa State University Press.
53. Jacobs, L., J.S. Remington, and M.L. Melton. 1960. A survey of meat samples from swine, cattle, and sheep for the
presence of encysted Toxoplasma. J. Parasitol. 46:23–28.
54. Jinneman, K.C., J.H. Wetherington, W.E. Hill, A.M. Adams, J.M. Johnson, B.J. Tenge, N-L. Dang, R.J. Manger, and M.M.
Wekell. 1998. Template preparation for PCR and RFLP of amplification products for the detection and identification of
Cyclospora sp. and Eimeria spp. oocysts directly from raspberries. J. Food Protect. 61:1497–1503.
55. Joiner, K.A., S.A. Furhman, H.M. Miettinen, L.H. Kasper, and I. Mellman. 1990. Toxoplasma gondii: Fusion competence
of parasitophorous vacuoles in Fc receptor-transfected fibroblasts. Science 249:641–646.
56. Karl, H. 1988. Vorkommen von Nematoden in Konsumfischen. Verfah. Feststel. Abtoetung. Rundsch. Fleisch. Lebensmittelhyg. 40:198–199.
57. Karl, H., and M. Leinemann. 1989. Ueber lebensfaehigkeit von Nematodenlarven (Anisakis sp.) in gefrosteten Heringen.
Arch. Lebensmittelhyg. 40:14–16.
58. Kean, B.H., A.C. Kimball, and W.N. Christenson. 1969. An epidemic of acute toxoplasmosis. J. Am. Med. Assoc.
208:1002–1004.
59. Kirkpatrick, C.E., and C.E. Benson. 1987. Presence of Giardia spp. and absence of Salmonella spp. in New Jersey muskrats
(Ondatra zibethicus). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 53:1790–1792.
35. Fayer, R. 1975. Effects of refrigeration, cooking and freezing on Sarcocystis in beef from retail food stores. Proc. Helm.
Soc. Wash. 42:138–140.
36. Feldman, H.A., and L.T. Miller. 1956. Serological study of toxoplasmosis prevalence. Am. J. Hyg. 64:320–335.
37. Forbes, L.B., I. Measures, A. Gajadhar, and C. Kapel. 2003. Infectivity of Trichinella nativa in traditional northern
(country) foods prepared with meat from experimentally infected seals. J. Food Protect. 66:1857–1863.
38. Gammon, D.L., J.D. Kemp, J.M. Edney, and W.Y. Varney. 1968. Salt, moisture and aging times effects on the viability of
Trichinella spiralis in pork hams and shoulders. J. Food Sci. 33:417–419.
39. Gangarosa, E.J., and J.A. Donadio. 1970. Surveillance of foodborne disease in the United States. J. Infect. Dis. 62:354–358.
40. Grabda, J., and J.W. Bier. 1988. Cultivation as an estimate for infectivity of larval Anisakis simplex from processed herring.
J. Food Protect. 51:734–736.
41. Griffiths, J.K., R. Balakrishnan, G. Widmer, and S. Tzipori. 1998. Paromomycin and geneticin inhibit intracellular
Cryptosporidium parvum without trafficking through the host cell cytoplasm: Implications for drug delivery. Infect.
Immun. 66:3874–3883.
42. Hanes, D.E., R.W. Worobo, P.A. Orlandi, D.H. Burr, M.D. Miliotis, M.G. Robl, J.W. Bier, M.J. Arrowood, J.J. Churey,
and G.J. Jackson. 2002. Inactivation of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in fresh apple cider by UV irradiation. Appl.
Environ. Microbiol. 68:4168–4172.
43. Hayes, E.B., T.D. Matte, T.R. O’Brien, T.W. McKinely, G.S. Logsdon, J.B. Rose, B.L.P. Ungar, D.M. Word, P.F.
Pinsky, M.L. Cummings, M.A. Wilson, E.G. Long, E.S. Hurwitz, and D.J. Juranek. 1989. Large community outbreak of
cryptosporidiosis due to contamination of a filtered public water supply. N. Engl. J. Med. 320:1372–1376.
44. Herwaldt, B.L., M.-L. Ackers, and the Cyclospora Working Group. 1997. An outbreak in 1996 of cyclosporiasis associated
with imported raspberries. N. Engl. J. Med. 336:1548–1556.
45. Higashi, G.I. 1985. Foodborne parasites transmitted to man from fish and other aquatic foods. Food Technol. 39(3):69–74,
111.
46. Hilwig, R.W., J.D. Cramer, and K.S. Forsyth. 1978. Freezing times and temperatures required to kill cysticerci of Taenia
saginata in beef. Vet. Parasitol. 4:215–219.
47. Huang, P., J.T. Weber, D.M. Sosin, P. M. Griffin, E.G. Long, J.J. Murphy, F. Kocka, C. Peters, and C. Kallick. 1995. The
first reported outbreak of diarrheal illness associated with Cyclospora in the United States. Ann. Intern. Med. 123:409–414.
48. Jackson, G.J. 1990. Parasitic protozoa and worms relevant to the U.S. Food Technol. 44(5):106–112.
49. Jackson, G.J. 1975. The “new disease” status of human anisakiasis and North American cases: A review. J. Milk Food
Technol. 38:769–773.
50. Jackson, G.J., J.W. Bier, W.L. Payne, T.A. Gerding, and W.G. Knollenberg. 1978. Nematodes in fresh market fish of the
Washington, D.C. area. J. Food Protect. 41:613–620.
51. Jackson, M.H., and W.M. Hutchinson. 1989. The prevalence and source of Toxoplasma infection in the environment. Adv.
Parasitol. 28:55–105.
52. Jacobs, L. 1962. Parasites in food. In Chemical and Biological Hazards in Food, ed. J.C. Ayres et al., 248–266. Ames:
Iowa State University Press.
53. Jacobs, L., J.S. Remington, and M.L. Melton. 1960. A survey of meat samples from swine, cattle, and sheep for the
presence of encysted Toxoplasma. J. Parasitol. 46:23–28.
54. Jinneman, K.C., J.H. Wetherington, W.E. Hill, A.M. Adams, J.M. Johnson, B.J. Tenge, N-L. Dang, R.J. Manger, and M.M.
Wekell. 1998. Template preparation for PCR and RFLP of amplification products for the detection and identification of
Cyclospora sp. and Eimeria spp. oocysts directly from raspberries. J. Food Protect. 61:1497–1503.
55. Joiner, K.A., S.A. Furhman, H.M. Miettinen, L.H. Kasper, and I. Mellman. 1990. Toxoplasma gondii: Fusion competence
of parasitophorous vacuoles in Fc receptor-transfected fibroblasts. Science 249:641–646.
56. Karl, H. 1988. Vorkommen von Nematoden in Konsumfischen. Verfah. Feststel. Abtoetung. Rundsch. Fleisch. Lebensmittelhyg. 40:198–199.
57. Karl, H., and M. Leinemann. 1989. Ueber lebensfaehigkeit von Nematodenlarven (Anisakis sp.) in gefrosteten Heringen.
Arch. Lebensmittelhyg. 40:14–16.
58. Kean, B.H., A.C. Kimball, and W.N. Christenson. 1969. An epidemic of acute toxoplasmosis. J. Am. Med. Assoc.
208:1002–1004.
59. Kirkpatrick, C.E., and C.E. Benson. 1987. Presence of Giardia spp. and absence of Salmonella spp. in New Jersey muskrats
(Ondatra zibethicus). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 53:1790–1792.