494 Modern Food Microbiology
48. Leininger, H.V., and C.S. McCleskey. 1953. Bacterial indicators of pollution in surface waters. Appl. Microbiol. 1:119–124.
49. Ley, V., J. Higgins, and R. Fayer. 2002. Bovine enteroviruses as indicators of fecal contamination. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
68:3455–3461.
50. Litsky, W., M.J. Rosenbaum, and R.L. France. 1953. A comparison of the most probable numbers of coliform bacteria and
enterococci in raw sewage. Appl. Microbiol. 1:247–250.
51. Mariam, T.W., and D.O. Cliver. 2000. Small round coliphages as surrogates for human viruses in process assessment. Dairy
Food. Environ. Sanit. 20:684–689.
52. Matches, J.R., and C. Abeyta. 1983. Indicator organisms in fish and shellfish. Food Technol. 37(6):114–117.
53. McCrady, M.H., and E.M. Langevin. 1932. The coliaerogenes determination in pasteurization control. J. Dairy Sci. 15:321–
329.
54. McMeekin, T.A., J.N. Olley, T. Ross, and D.A. Ratkowsky. 1993. Predictive Microbiology: Theory and Application. New
York: John Wiley & Sons.
55. Mossel, D.A.A. 1958. The suitability of bifidobacteria as part of a more extended bacterial association, indicating faecal
contamination of foods. In Proceedings of the 7th International Congress on Microbiology, Abstracts of Papers, 440–441.
Uppsala: Almquist & Wikesells.
56. Mundt, J.O. 1982. The ecology of the streptococci. Microbiol. Ecol. 8:355–369.
57. Mundt, J.O. 1976. Streptococci in dried and frozen foods. J. Milk Food Technol. 39:413–416.
58. Mundt, J.O. 1961. Occurrence of enterococci: Bud, blossom, and soil studies. Appl. Microbiol. 9:541–544.
59. Mundt, J.O. 1973. Litmus milk reaction as a distinguishing feature between Streptococcus faecalis of human and nonhuman
origins. J. Milk Food Technol. 36:364–367.
60. Munoa, F.J., and R. Pares. 1988. Selective medium for isolation and enumeration of Bifidobacterium spp. Appl. Environ.
Microbiol. 54:1715–1718.
61. Murdock, D.I. 1968. Diacetyl test as a quality control tool in processing frozen concentrated orange juice. Food Technol.
22:90–94.
62. Murdock, D.I. 1967. Methods employed by the citrus concentrate industry for detecting diacetyl and acetyl-methylcarbinol.
Food Technol. 21:643–672.
63. Newton, K.G. 1979. Value of coliform tests for assessing meat quality. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 47:303–307.
64. Orla-Jensen, S.H. 1919. The lactic acid bacteria. Mem. Acad. Royal Soc. Denmark Ser. 8. 5:81–197.
65. Ostrolenk, M., N. Kramer, and R.C. Cleverdon. 1947. Comparative studies of enterococci and Escherichia coli as indices
of pollution. J. Bacteriol. 53:197–203.
66. Pasricha, C.L., and A.J.H. DeMonte. 1941. Bacteriophages as an index of water contamination. Indian Med. Gaz. 76:492–
493.
67. Peabody, F.R. 1963. Microbial indexes of food quality: The coliform group. In Microbiological Quality of Foods, ed. L.W.
Slanetz, C.O. Chichester, A.R. Gaufin, and Z.J. Ordal. 113–118. New York: Academic Press.
68. Perry, C.A., and A.A. Hajna. 1944. Further evaluation of EC medium for the isolation of coliform bacteria and Escherichia
coli. Am. J. Public Health 34:735–738.
69. Portnoy, B.L., P.A. Mackowiak, C.T. Caraway, J.A. Walker, T.W. McKinley, and C.A. Klein, Jr. 1975. Oyster-associated
hepatitis: Failure of shellfish certification programs to prevent outbreaks. JAMA. 233:1065–1068.
70. Primrose, S.B., N.D. Seeley, K.B. Logan, and J.W. Nicolson. 1982. Methods for studying aquatic bacteriophage ecology.
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 43:694–701.
71. Raj, H., W.J. Wiebe, and J. Liston. 1961. Detection and enumeration of fecal indicator organisms in frozen sea foods. Appl.
Microbiol. 9:433–438.
72. Ratkowsky, D.A., T. Ross, T.A. McMeekin, and J. Olley 1991. Comparison of Arrhenius-type and Belehr´ adek-type models
for prediction of bacterial growth in foods. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 71:452–459.
73. Reinbold, G.W. 1983. Indicator organisms in dairy products. Food Technol. 37(6):111–113.
74. Resnick, I.G., and M.A. Levin. 1981. Assessment of bifidobacteria as indicators of human fecal pollution. Appl. Environ.
Microbiol. 42:433–438.
75. Ricca, D.M., and J.J. Cooney. 1998. Coliphages and indicator bacteria in birds around Boston Harbor. J. Ind. Microbiol.
Biotechnol. 21:28–30.
48. Leininger, H.V., and C.S. McCleskey. 1953. Bacterial indicators of pollution in surface waters. Appl. Microbiol. 1:119–124.
49. Ley, V., J. Higgins, and R. Fayer. 2002. Bovine enteroviruses as indicators of fecal contamination. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
68:3455–3461.
50. Litsky, W., M.J. Rosenbaum, and R.L. France. 1953. A comparison of the most probable numbers of coliform bacteria and
enterococci in raw sewage. Appl. Microbiol. 1:247–250.
51. Mariam, T.W., and D.O. Cliver. 2000. Small round coliphages as surrogates for human viruses in process assessment. Dairy
Food. Environ. Sanit. 20:684–689.
52. Matches, J.R., and C. Abeyta. 1983. Indicator organisms in fish and shellfish. Food Technol. 37(6):114–117.
53. McCrady, M.H., and E.M. Langevin. 1932. The coliaerogenes determination in pasteurization control. J. Dairy Sci. 15:321–
329.
54. McMeekin, T.A., J.N. Olley, T. Ross, and D.A. Ratkowsky. 1993. Predictive Microbiology: Theory and Application. New
York: John Wiley & Sons.
55. Mossel, D.A.A. 1958. The suitability of bifidobacteria as part of a more extended bacterial association, indicating faecal
contamination of foods. In Proceedings of the 7th International Congress on Microbiology, Abstracts of Papers, 440–441.
Uppsala: Almquist & Wikesells.
56. Mundt, J.O. 1982. The ecology of the streptococci. Microbiol. Ecol. 8:355–369.
57. Mundt, J.O. 1976. Streptococci in dried and frozen foods. J. Milk Food Technol. 39:413–416.
58. Mundt, J.O. 1961. Occurrence of enterococci: Bud, blossom, and soil studies. Appl. Microbiol. 9:541–544.
59. Mundt, J.O. 1973. Litmus milk reaction as a distinguishing feature between Streptococcus faecalis of human and nonhuman
origins. J. Milk Food Technol. 36:364–367.
60. Munoa, F.J., and R. Pares. 1988. Selective medium for isolation and enumeration of Bifidobacterium spp. Appl. Environ.
Microbiol. 54:1715–1718.
61. Murdock, D.I. 1968. Diacetyl test as a quality control tool in processing frozen concentrated orange juice. Food Technol.
22:90–94.
62. Murdock, D.I. 1967. Methods employed by the citrus concentrate industry for detecting diacetyl and acetyl-methylcarbinol.
Food Technol. 21:643–672.
63. Newton, K.G. 1979. Value of coliform tests for assessing meat quality. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 47:303–307.
64. Orla-Jensen, S.H. 1919. The lactic acid bacteria. Mem. Acad. Royal Soc. Denmark Ser. 8. 5:81–197.
65. Ostrolenk, M., N. Kramer, and R.C. Cleverdon. 1947. Comparative studies of enterococci and Escherichia coli as indices
of pollution. J. Bacteriol. 53:197–203.
66. Pasricha, C.L., and A.J.H. DeMonte. 1941. Bacteriophages as an index of water contamination. Indian Med. Gaz. 76:492–
493.
67. Peabody, F.R. 1963. Microbial indexes of food quality: The coliform group. In Microbiological Quality of Foods, ed. L.W.
Slanetz, C.O. Chichester, A.R. Gaufin, and Z.J. Ordal. 113–118. New York: Academic Press.
68. Perry, C.A., and A.A. Hajna. 1944. Further evaluation of EC medium for the isolation of coliform bacteria and Escherichia
coli. Am. J. Public Health 34:735–738.
69. Portnoy, B.L., P.A. Mackowiak, C.T. Caraway, J.A. Walker, T.W. McKinley, and C.A. Klein, Jr. 1975. Oyster-associated
hepatitis: Failure of shellfish certification programs to prevent outbreaks. JAMA. 233:1065–1068.
70. Primrose, S.B., N.D. Seeley, K.B. Logan, and J.W. Nicolson. 1982. Methods for studying aquatic bacteriophage ecology.
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 43:694–701.
71. Raj, H., W.J. Wiebe, and J. Liston. 1961. Detection and enumeration of fecal indicator organisms in frozen sea foods. Appl.
Microbiol. 9:433–438.
72. Ratkowsky, D.A., T. Ross, T.A. McMeekin, and J. Olley 1991. Comparison of Arrhenius-type and Belehr´ adek-type models
for prediction of bacterial growth in foods. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 71:452–459.
73. Reinbold, G.W. 1983. Indicator organisms in dairy products. Food Technol. 37(6):111–113.
74. Resnick, I.G., and M.A. Levin. 1981. Assessment of bifidobacteria as indicators of human fecal pollution. Appl. Environ.
Microbiol. 42:433–438.
75. Ricca, D.M., and J.J. Cooney. 1998. Coliphages and indicator bacteria in birds around Boston Harbor. J. Ind. Microbiol.
Biotechnol. 21:28–30.