Chemical, Biological, and Physical Methods
283
187. Sharpe, A.N., M.N. Woodrow, and A.K. Jackson. 1970. Adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) levels in foods contaminated by
bacteria. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 33:758–767.
188. Shelef, L.A., A. Surtani, K. Kanagapandian, and W. Tan. 1998. Automated detection of amino acid decarboxylation in
salmonellae and other enterobacteriaceae. Food Microbiol. 15:199–205.
189. Shelef, L.A., S. Mohammed, W. Tan, and M.L. Webber. 1997. Rapid optical measurements of microbial contamination
in raw ground beef and effects of citrate and lactate. J. Food Protect. 60:673–676.
190. Siragusa, G.R., and C.N. Cutter. 1995. Microbial ATP bioluminescence as a means to detect contamination on artificially
contaminated beef carcass tissue. J. Food Protect. 58:764–769.
191. Skinner, G.E., S.M. Gendel, G.A. Fingerhut, H.A. Solomon, and J. Ulaszek. 2000. Differentiation between types and
strains of Clostridium botulinum by riboprinting. J. Food Protect. 63:1347–1352.
192. Somer, L., and Y. Kashi. 2003. A PCR method based on 16S rRNA sequence for simultaneous detection of the genus
Listeria and the species Listeria monocytogenes in food products. J. Food Protect. 66:1658–1665.
193. Sperber, W.H., and R.H. Deibel. 1969. Accelerated procedure for Salmonella detection in dried foods and feeds involving
only broth cultures and serological reactions. Appl. Microbiol. 17:533–539.
194. Stannard, C.J., and J.M. Wood. 1983. The rapid estimation of microbial contamination of raw meat by measurement of
adenosine triphosphate (ATP). J. Appl. Bacteriol. 55:429–438.
195. Stewart, G.S.A.B., and P. Williams. 1992. Lux genes and the applications of bacterial bioluminescence. J. Gen. Microbiol.
138:1289–1300.
196. Stiffler-Rosenberg, G., and H. Fey. 1978. Simple assay for staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B, and D: Modification of
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. J. Clin. Microbiol. 8:473–479.
197. Stoflet, E.S., D.D. Koeberi, G. Sarkar, and S.S. Summer 1988. Genomic amplification with transcript sequencing. Science
239:491–494.
198. Strange, R.E., E.O. Powell, and T.W. Pearce. 1971. The rapid detection and determination of sparse bacterial populations
with radioactively labelled homologous antibodies. J. Gen. Microbiol. 67:349–357.
199. Sullivan, J.D., Jr., P.C. Ellis, R.G. Lee, W.S. Combs, Jr., and S.W. Watson. 1983. Comparison of the Limulus amoebocyte
lysate test with plate counts and chemical analyses for assessment of the quality of lean fish. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
45:720–722.
200. Surdy, T.E., and S.G. Haas. 1981. Modified enrichment-serology procedure for detection of salmonellae in soy products.
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 42:704–707.
201. Swaminathan, B., and J.C. Ayres. 1980. A direct immunoenzyme method for the detection of salmonellae in foods. J.
Food Sci. 45:352–355, 361.
202. Swaminathan, B., and P. Feng. 1994. Rapid detection of food-borne pathogenic bacteria. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 48:401–
426.
203. Sword, C.P., and M.J. Pickett. 1961. The isolation and characterization of bacteriophages from Listeria monocytogenes.
J. Gen. Microbiol. 25:241–248.
204. Tai, J.Y., R.C. Seid, Jr., R.D. Hurn, and T.-Y. Liu. 1977. Studies on Limulus amoebocyte lysate. II. Purification of the
coagulogen and the mechanism of clotting. J. Biol. Chem. 252:4773–4776.
205. Tamarapu, S., J.L. McKillip, and M. Drake. 2001. Development of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for
detection and differentiation of Staphylococcus aureus in dairy products. J. Food Protect. 64:664–668.
206. Terplan, V.G., K.-J. Zaadhof, and S. Buchholz-Berchtold. 1975. Zum nachweis von Endotoxinen gramnegativer Keime
in Milch mit dem Limulus-test. Arch Lebensmittelhyg. 26:217–221.
207. Thompson, J.S., D.S. Hodge, and A.A. Borczyk. 1990. Rapid biochemical test to identify verocytotoxin-positive strains
of Escherichia coli serotype 0157. J. Clin. Microbiol. 28:2165–2168.
208. Thore, A., S. ˚ Ans´ ehn, A. Lundin, and S. Bergman. 1975. Detection of bacteriuria by luciferase assay of adenosine
triphosphate. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1:1–8.
209. Tims, T.B., S.S. Dickey, D.R. DeMarco, and D.V. Lim. 2001. Detection of low levels of Listeria monocytogenes within
20 hours using an evanescent wave biosensor. Amer. Clin. Lab. 20(8):28–29.
210. Tsuji, K., P.A. Martin, and D.M. Bussey. 1984. Automation of chromogenic substrate Limulus amebocyte lysate assay
method for endotoxin by robotic system. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 48:550–555.
211. Turpin, P.E., K.A. Maycroft, J. Bedford, C.L. Rowlands, and E.M.H. Wellington. 1993. A rapid luminescent-phage based
MPN method for the enumeration of Salmonella typhimurium in environmental samples. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 16:24–27.
283
187. Sharpe, A.N., M.N. Woodrow, and A.K. Jackson. 1970. Adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) levels in foods contaminated by
bacteria. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 33:758–767.
188. Shelef, L.A., A. Surtani, K. Kanagapandian, and W. Tan. 1998. Automated detection of amino acid decarboxylation in
salmonellae and other enterobacteriaceae. Food Microbiol. 15:199–205.
189. Shelef, L.A., S. Mohammed, W. Tan, and M.L. Webber. 1997. Rapid optical measurements of microbial contamination
in raw ground beef and effects of citrate and lactate. J. Food Protect. 60:673–676.
190. Siragusa, G.R., and C.N. Cutter. 1995. Microbial ATP bioluminescence as a means to detect contamination on artificially
contaminated beef carcass tissue. J. Food Protect. 58:764–769.
191. Skinner, G.E., S.M. Gendel, G.A. Fingerhut, H.A. Solomon, and J. Ulaszek. 2000. Differentiation between types and
strains of Clostridium botulinum by riboprinting. J. Food Protect. 63:1347–1352.
192. Somer, L., and Y. Kashi. 2003. A PCR method based on 16S rRNA sequence for simultaneous detection of the genus
Listeria and the species Listeria monocytogenes in food products. J. Food Protect. 66:1658–1665.
193. Sperber, W.H., and R.H. Deibel. 1969. Accelerated procedure for Salmonella detection in dried foods and feeds involving
only broth cultures and serological reactions. Appl. Microbiol. 17:533–539.
194. Stannard, C.J., and J.M. Wood. 1983. The rapid estimation of microbial contamination of raw meat by measurement of
adenosine triphosphate (ATP). J. Appl. Bacteriol. 55:429–438.
195. Stewart, G.S.A.B., and P. Williams. 1992. Lux genes and the applications of bacterial bioluminescence. J. Gen. Microbiol.
138:1289–1300.
196. Stiffler-Rosenberg, G., and H. Fey. 1978. Simple assay for staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B, and D: Modification of
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. J. Clin. Microbiol. 8:473–479.
197. Stoflet, E.S., D.D. Koeberi, G. Sarkar, and S.S. Summer 1988. Genomic amplification with transcript sequencing. Science
239:491–494.
198. Strange, R.E., E.O. Powell, and T.W. Pearce. 1971. The rapid detection and determination of sparse bacterial populations
with radioactively labelled homologous antibodies. J. Gen. Microbiol. 67:349–357.
199. Sullivan, J.D., Jr., P.C. Ellis, R.G. Lee, W.S. Combs, Jr., and S.W. Watson. 1983. Comparison of the Limulus amoebocyte
lysate test with plate counts and chemical analyses for assessment of the quality of lean fish. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
45:720–722.
200. Surdy, T.E., and S.G. Haas. 1981. Modified enrichment-serology procedure for detection of salmonellae in soy products.
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 42:704–707.
201. Swaminathan, B., and J.C. Ayres. 1980. A direct immunoenzyme method for the detection of salmonellae in foods. J.
Food Sci. 45:352–355, 361.
202. Swaminathan, B., and P. Feng. 1994. Rapid detection of food-borne pathogenic bacteria. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 48:401–
426.
203. Sword, C.P., and M.J. Pickett. 1961. The isolation and characterization of bacteriophages from Listeria monocytogenes.
J. Gen. Microbiol. 25:241–248.
204. Tai, J.Y., R.C. Seid, Jr., R.D. Hurn, and T.-Y. Liu. 1977. Studies on Limulus amoebocyte lysate. II. Purification of the
coagulogen and the mechanism of clotting. J. Biol. Chem. 252:4773–4776.
205. Tamarapu, S., J.L. McKillip, and M. Drake. 2001. Development of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for
detection and differentiation of Staphylococcus aureus in dairy products. J. Food Protect. 64:664–668.
206. Terplan, V.G., K.-J. Zaadhof, and S. Buchholz-Berchtold. 1975. Zum nachweis von Endotoxinen gramnegativer Keime
in Milch mit dem Limulus-test. Arch Lebensmittelhyg. 26:217–221.
207. Thompson, J.S., D.S. Hodge, and A.A. Borczyk. 1990. Rapid biochemical test to identify verocytotoxin-positive strains
of Escherichia coli serotype 0157. J. Clin. Microbiol. 28:2165–2168.
208. Thore, A., S. ˚ Ans´ ehn, A. Lundin, and S. Bergman. 1975. Detection of bacteriuria by luciferase assay of adenosine
triphosphate. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1:1–8.
209. Tims, T.B., S.S. Dickey, D.R. DeMarco, and D.V. Lim. 2001. Detection of low levels of Listeria monocytogenes within
20 hours using an evanescent wave biosensor. Amer. Clin. Lab. 20(8):28–29.
210. Tsuji, K., P.A. Martin, and D.M. Bussey. 1984. Automation of chromogenic substrate Limulus amebocyte lysate assay
method for endotoxin by robotic system. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 48:550–555.
211. Turpin, P.E., K.A. Maycroft, J. Bedford, C.L. Rowlands, and E.M.H. Wellington. 1993. A rapid luminescent-phage based
MPN method for the enumeration of Salmonella typhimurium in environmental samples. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 16:24–27.