282 Modern Food Microbiology
162. Pestka, J.J., V. Li, W.O. Harder, and F.S. Chu. 1981. Comparison of radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay for determining aflatoxin M 1 in milk. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 64:294–301.
163. Peterson, E.H., M.L. Nierman, R.A. Rude, and J.T. Peeler. 1987. Comparison of AOAC method and fluorogenic (MUG)
assay for enumerating Escherichia coli in foods. J. Food Sci. 52:409–410.
164. Poelma, P.L., C.R. Wilson, and W.H. Andrews. 1987. Rapid fluorogenic enumeration of Escherichia coli in selected,
naturally contaminated high moisture foods. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 70:991–993.
165. Previte, J.J. 1972. Radiometric detection of some food-borne bacteria. Appl. Microbiol. 24:535–539.
166. Ramakrishna, N., J. Lacey, A.A.G. Candish, J.E. Smith, and I.A. Goodbrand. 1990. Monoclonal antibody-based enzyme
linked immunosorbent assay of aflatoxin B 1 , T-2 toxin, and ochratoxin A in barley. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 73:71–76.
167. Rand, A.G., J. Ye, C.W. Brown, and S.V. Letcher. 2002. Optical biosensors for food pathogen detection. Food Technol.
56(3):32–39.
168. Rasooly, A. 2001. Surface plasmon reasonance analysis of staphylococcal enterotoxin B in food. J. Food Protect. 64:37–43.
169. Rippey, S.R., L.A. Chandler, and W.D. Watkins. 1987. Fluorometric method for enumeration of Escherichia coli in
molluscan shellfish. J. Food Protect. 50:685–690.
170. Restaino, L., E.W. Frampton, and R.H. Lyon. 1990. Use of the chromogenic substrate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-βglucuronide (X-GLUC) for enumerating Escherichia coli in 24 h from ground beef. J. Food Protect. 53:508–510.
171. Robern, H., M. Dighton, Y. Yano, and N. Dickie. 1975. Double-antibody radioimmunoassay for staphylococcal enterotoxin
C 2 . Appl. Microbiol. 30:525–529.
172. Robison, B.J. 1984. Evaluation of a fluorogenic assay for detection of Escherichia coli in foods. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
48:285–288.
173. Rocourt, J., A. Audurier, A.L. Courtieu, J. Durst, S. Ortel, A. Schrettenbrunner, and A.G. Taylor. 1985. A multi-centre
study on the phage typing of Listeria monocytogenes. Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Mikrobiol. Hyg. [A]. 259:489–497.
174. Rowley, D.B., J.J. Previte, and H.P. Srinivasa. 1978. A radiometric method for rapid screening of cooked foods for
microbial acceptability. J. Food Sci. 43:1720–1722.
175. Rudi, K., S.L. Flateland, J.F. Hanssen, G. Bengtsson, and H. Nissen. 2002. Development and evolution of a 16S ribosomal
DNA array-based approach for describing complex microbial communities in ready-to-eat vegetable salads packed in a
modified atmosphere. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68:1146–1156.
176. Saari, M., T. Cheasty, K. Leino, and A. Siitonen. 2001. Phage types and genotypes of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia
coli 0157:H7 in Finland. J. Clin. Microbiol. 39:1140–1143.
177. Saiki, R.K., D.H. Gelfand, S. Stoffel, S.J. Sharf, R. Higuchi, G.T. Horn, K.B. Mullis, and H.A. Erlich. 1988. Primer-directed
enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase. Science 239:487–491.
178. Saunders, G.C., and M.L. Bartlett. 1977. Double-antibody solid-phase enzyme immunoassay for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin A. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 34:518–522.
179. Savelkoul, P.H.N., H.J.M. Aarts, J. de Haas, L. Dijkshoorn, B. Duim, M. Otsen, J.L.W. Rademaker, L. Schouls, and J.A.
Lenstra. 1999. Amplified-fragment length polymorphism analysis: The state of the art. J. Clin. Microbiol. 37:3083–3091.
180. Schmidt, J.J., and R.G. Stafford. 2003. Fluorogenic substrates for the protease activities of botulinum neurotoxins,
serotypes A, B, and F. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69:297–303.
181. Schwab, K.J., F.H. Neill, F. le Guyader, M.K. Estes, and R.L. Atmar. 2001. Deveopmment of a reverse transcription-PCRDNA enzyme immunoassay for detection of “Norwalk-like” viruses and hepatitis A virus in stool and shellfish. Appl.
Environ. Microbiol. 67:742–749.
182. Scott, T.M., S. Parveen, K.M. Portier, J.B. Rose, M.L. Tamplin, S.R. Farrah, A. Koo, and J. Lukasik. 2003. Geographical
variation in ribotype profiles of Escherichia coli isolates from humans, swine, poultry, beef, and dairy cattle in Florida.
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69:1089–1092.
183. Selander, R.K., D.A. Caugant, H. Ochman, J.M. Musser, M.N. Gilmour, and T.S. Whittam. 1986. Methods of multilocus
enzyme electrophoresis for bacterial population genetics and systematics. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 51:873–884.
184. Seifert, H., and P. Gerner-Smidt. 1995. Comparison of ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for molecular typing
of Acinetobacter isolates. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33:1402–1407.
185. Seiter, J.A., and J.M. Jay. 1980. Comparison of direct serial dilution and most-probable-number methods for determining
endotoxins in meats by the Limulus amoebocyte lysate test. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 40:177–178.
186. Seo, K.H., R.E. Brackett, J.F. Frank, nd S. Hilliard. 1998. Immunomagnetic separation and flow cytometry for rapid
detection of Escherichia coli 0157:H7. J. Food Protect. 61:812–816.
162. Pestka, J.J., V. Li, W.O. Harder, and F.S. Chu. 1981. Comparison of radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay for determining aflatoxin M 1 in milk. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 64:294–301.
163. Peterson, E.H., M.L. Nierman, R.A. Rude, and J.T. Peeler. 1987. Comparison of AOAC method and fluorogenic (MUG)
assay for enumerating Escherichia coli in foods. J. Food Sci. 52:409–410.
164. Poelma, P.L., C.R. Wilson, and W.H. Andrews. 1987. Rapid fluorogenic enumeration of Escherichia coli in selected,
naturally contaminated high moisture foods. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 70:991–993.
165. Previte, J.J. 1972. Radiometric detection of some food-borne bacteria. Appl. Microbiol. 24:535–539.
166. Ramakrishna, N., J. Lacey, A.A.G. Candish, J.E. Smith, and I.A. Goodbrand. 1990. Monoclonal antibody-based enzyme
linked immunosorbent assay of aflatoxin B 1 , T-2 toxin, and ochratoxin A in barley. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 73:71–76.
167. Rand, A.G., J. Ye, C.W. Brown, and S.V. Letcher. 2002. Optical biosensors for food pathogen detection. Food Technol.
56(3):32–39.
168. Rasooly, A. 2001. Surface plasmon reasonance analysis of staphylococcal enterotoxin B in food. J. Food Protect. 64:37–43.
169. Rippey, S.R., L.A. Chandler, and W.D. Watkins. 1987. Fluorometric method for enumeration of Escherichia coli in
molluscan shellfish. J. Food Protect. 50:685–690.
170. Restaino, L., E.W. Frampton, and R.H. Lyon. 1990. Use of the chromogenic substrate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-βglucuronide (X-GLUC) for enumerating Escherichia coli in 24 h from ground beef. J. Food Protect. 53:508–510.
171. Robern, H., M. Dighton, Y. Yano, and N. Dickie. 1975. Double-antibody radioimmunoassay for staphylococcal enterotoxin
C 2 . Appl. Microbiol. 30:525–529.
172. Robison, B.J. 1984. Evaluation of a fluorogenic assay for detection of Escherichia coli in foods. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
48:285–288.
173. Rocourt, J., A. Audurier, A.L. Courtieu, J. Durst, S. Ortel, A. Schrettenbrunner, and A.G. Taylor. 1985. A multi-centre
study on the phage typing of Listeria monocytogenes. Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Mikrobiol. Hyg. [A]. 259:489–497.
174. Rowley, D.B., J.J. Previte, and H.P. Srinivasa. 1978. A radiometric method for rapid screening of cooked foods for
microbial acceptability. J. Food Sci. 43:1720–1722.
175. Rudi, K., S.L. Flateland, J.F. Hanssen, G. Bengtsson, and H. Nissen. 2002. Development and evolution of a 16S ribosomal
DNA array-based approach for describing complex microbial communities in ready-to-eat vegetable salads packed in a
modified atmosphere. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 68:1146–1156.
176. Saari, M., T. Cheasty, K. Leino, and A. Siitonen. 2001. Phage types and genotypes of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia
coli 0157:H7 in Finland. J. Clin. Microbiol. 39:1140–1143.
177. Saiki, R.K., D.H. Gelfand, S. Stoffel, S.J. Sharf, R. Higuchi, G.T. Horn, K.B. Mullis, and H.A. Erlich. 1988. Primer-directed
enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase. Science 239:487–491.
178. Saunders, G.C., and M.L. Bartlett. 1977. Double-antibody solid-phase enzyme immunoassay for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin A. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 34:518–522.
179. Savelkoul, P.H.N., H.J.M. Aarts, J. de Haas, L. Dijkshoorn, B. Duim, M. Otsen, J.L.W. Rademaker, L. Schouls, and J.A.
Lenstra. 1999. Amplified-fragment length polymorphism analysis: The state of the art. J. Clin. Microbiol. 37:3083–3091.
180. Schmidt, J.J., and R.G. Stafford. 2003. Fluorogenic substrates for the protease activities of botulinum neurotoxins,
serotypes A, B, and F. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69:297–303.
181. Schwab, K.J., F.H. Neill, F. le Guyader, M.K. Estes, and R.L. Atmar. 2001. Deveopmment of a reverse transcription-PCRDNA enzyme immunoassay for detection of “Norwalk-like” viruses and hepatitis A virus in stool and shellfish. Appl.
Environ. Microbiol. 67:742–749.
182. Scott, T.M., S. Parveen, K.M. Portier, J.B. Rose, M.L. Tamplin, S.R. Farrah, A. Koo, and J. Lukasik. 2003. Geographical
variation in ribotype profiles of Escherichia coli isolates from humans, swine, poultry, beef, and dairy cattle in Florida.
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69:1089–1092.
183. Selander, R.K., D.A. Caugant, H. Ochman, J.M. Musser, M.N. Gilmour, and T.S. Whittam. 1986. Methods of multilocus
enzyme electrophoresis for bacterial population genetics and systematics. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 51:873–884.
184. Seifert, H., and P. Gerner-Smidt. 1995. Comparison of ribotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for molecular typing
of Acinetobacter isolates. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33:1402–1407.
185. Seiter, J.A., and J.M. Jay. 1980. Comparison of direct serial dilution and most-probable-number methods for determining
endotoxins in meats by the Limulus amoebocyte lysate test. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 40:177–178.
186. Seo, K.H., R.E. Brackett, J.F. Frank, nd S. Hilliard. 1998. Immunomagnetic separation and flow cytometry for rapid
detection of Escherichia coli 0157:H7. J. Food Protect. 61:812–816.