238 Modern Food Microbiology
76. Maxcy, R.B. 1973. Condition of coliform organisms influencing recovery of subcultures on selective media. J. Milk Food
Technol. 36:414–416.
77. McDonald, L.C., C.R. Hackney, and B. Ray. 1983. Enhanced recovery of injured Escherichia coli by compounds that
degrade hydrogen peroxide or block its formation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 45:360–365.
78. McGovern, V.P., and J.D. Oliver. 1995. Induction of cold-responsive proteins in Vibrio vulnificus. J. Bacteriol. 177:4131–
4133.
79. Microorganisms in Foods. 1982. Vol. 1, Their Significance and Methods of Enumeration, 2nd ed. ICMSF, Toronto:
University of Toronto Press.
80. Microorganisms in Foods. 1986. Vol. 2, Sampling for Microbiological Analysis: Principles and Specific Applications, 2nd
ed. ICMSF, Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
81. Moats, W.A., R. Dabbah, and V.M. Edwards. 1971. Survival of Salmonella anatum heated in various media. Appl.
Microbiol. 21:476–481.
82. Mossel, D.A.A., E.H. Kampelmacher, and L.M. Van Noorle Jansen. 1966. Verification of adequate sanitation of wooden
surfaces used in meat and poultry processing. Zent. Bakteriol. Parasiten., Infek. Hyg. Abt. I. 201:91–104.
83. Neal, N.D., and H.W. Walker. 1977. Recovery of bacterial endospores from a metal surface after treatment with hydrogen
peroxide. J. Food Sci. 42:1600–1602.
84. Nelson, C.L., T.L. Fox, and F.F. Busta. 1984. Evaluation of dry medium film (Petrifilm VRB) for coliform enumeration.
J. Food Protect. 47:520–525.
85. Nelson, F.E. 1943. Factors which influence the growth of heat-treated bacteria. I. A comparison of four agar media.
J. Bacteriol. 45:395–403.
86. Nilsson, L., J.D. Oliver, and S. Kjelleberg. 1991. Resuscitation of Vibrio vulnificus from the viable but nonculturable state.
J. Bacteriol. 173:5054–5059.
87. Niskanen, A., and M.S. Pohja. 1977. Comparative studies on the sampling and investigation of microbial contamination
of surfaces by the contact plate and swab methods. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 42:53–63.
88. Nortje, G.L., E. Swanepoel, R.T. Naude, W.H. Holzapfel, and P.L. Steyn. 1982. Evaluation of three carcass surface
microbial sampling techniques. J. Food Protect. 45:1016–1017, 1021.
89. Official Methods of Analysis, 16th ed., Vol. I. 1998. McLean, VA: Association of Official Analytical Chemists Int.
90. Ø
lgaard, K. 1977. Determination of relative bacterial levels on carcasses and meats—A new quick method. J. Appl.
Bacteriol. 42:321–329.
91. Oliver, J.D., and R. Bockian. 1995. In vivo resuscitation, and virulence towards mice, of viable but nonculturable cells of
Vibrio vulnificus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61:2620–2623.
92. Oliver, J.D., F. Hite, D. McDougald, N.L. Andon, and L.M. Simpson. 1995. Entry into, and resuscitation from, the viable
but nonculturable state by Vibrio vulnificus in an estuarine environment. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61:2624–2630.
93. Patterson, J.T. 1971. Microbiological assessment of surfaces. J. Food Technol. 6:63–72.
94. Peeler, J.T., J.E. Gilchrist, C.B. Donnelly, and J.E. Campbell. 1977. A collaborative study of the spiral plate method for
examining milk samples. J. Food Protect. 40:462–464.
95. Pettipher, G.L. 1983. The Direct Epifluorescent Filter Technique for the Rapid Enumeration of Microorganisms. New
York: Wiley.
96. Pettipher, G.L., R.J. Fulford, and L.A. Mabbitt. 1983. Collaborative trial of the direct epifluorescent filter technique
(DEFT), a rapid method for counting bacteria in milk. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 54:177–182.
97. Pettipher, G.L., R. Mansell, C.H. McKinnon, and C.M. Cousins. 1980. Rapid membrane filtration-epifluorescent microscopy technique for direct enumeration of bacteria in raw milk. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 39:423–429.
98. Pettipher, G.L., and U.M. Rodrigues. 1981. Rapid enumeration of bacteria in heat-treated milk and milk products using
a membrane filtration-epifluorescent microscopy technique. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 50:157–166.
99. Pettipher, G.L., and U.M. Rodrigues. 1982. Rapid enumeration of microorganisms in foods by the direct epifluorescent
filter technique. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 44:809–813.
100. Pettipher, G.L., R.A. Williams, and C.S. Gutteridge. 1985. An evaluation of possible alternative methods to the Howard
mould count. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 1:49–51.
101. Postgate, J.R., and J.R. Hunter. 1963. Metabolic injury in frozen bacteria. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 26:405–414.
102. Puleo, J.R., M.S. Favero, and N.J. Petersen. 1967. Use of ultrasonic energy in assessing microbial contamination on
surfaces. Appl. Microbiol. 15:1345–1351.
76. Maxcy, R.B. 1973. Condition of coliform organisms influencing recovery of subcultures on selective media. J. Milk Food
Technol. 36:414–416.
77. McDonald, L.C., C.R. Hackney, and B. Ray. 1983. Enhanced recovery of injured Escherichia coli by compounds that
degrade hydrogen peroxide or block its formation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 45:360–365.
78. McGovern, V.P., and J.D. Oliver. 1995. Induction of cold-responsive proteins in Vibrio vulnificus. J. Bacteriol. 177:4131–
4133.
79. Microorganisms in Foods. 1982. Vol. 1, Their Significance and Methods of Enumeration, 2nd ed. ICMSF, Toronto:
University of Toronto Press.
80. Microorganisms in Foods. 1986. Vol. 2, Sampling for Microbiological Analysis: Principles and Specific Applications, 2nd
ed. ICMSF, Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
81. Moats, W.A., R. Dabbah, and V.M. Edwards. 1971. Survival of Salmonella anatum heated in various media. Appl.
Microbiol. 21:476–481.
82. Mossel, D.A.A., E.H. Kampelmacher, and L.M. Van Noorle Jansen. 1966. Verification of adequate sanitation of wooden
surfaces used in meat and poultry processing. Zent. Bakteriol. Parasiten., Infek. Hyg. Abt. I. 201:91–104.
83. Neal, N.D., and H.W. Walker. 1977. Recovery of bacterial endospores from a metal surface after treatment with hydrogen
peroxide. J. Food Sci. 42:1600–1602.
84. Nelson, C.L., T.L. Fox, and F.F. Busta. 1984. Evaluation of dry medium film (Petrifilm VRB) for coliform enumeration.
J. Food Protect. 47:520–525.
85. Nelson, F.E. 1943. Factors which influence the growth of heat-treated bacteria. I. A comparison of four agar media.
J. Bacteriol. 45:395–403.
86. Nilsson, L., J.D. Oliver, and S. Kjelleberg. 1991. Resuscitation of Vibrio vulnificus from the viable but nonculturable state.
J. Bacteriol. 173:5054–5059.
87. Niskanen, A., and M.S. Pohja. 1977. Comparative studies on the sampling and investigation of microbial contamination
of surfaces by the contact plate and swab methods. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 42:53–63.
88. Nortje, G.L., E. Swanepoel, R.T. Naude, W.H. Holzapfel, and P.L. Steyn. 1982. Evaluation of three carcass surface
microbial sampling techniques. J. Food Protect. 45:1016–1017, 1021.
89. Official Methods of Analysis, 16th ed., Vol. I. 1998. McLean, VA: Association of Official Analytical Chemists Int.
90. Ø
lgaard, K. 1977. Determination of relative bacterial levels on carcasses and meats—A new quick method. J. Appl.
Bacteriol. 42:321–329.
91. Oliver, J.D., and R. Bockian. 1995. In vivo resuscitation, and virulence towards mice, of viable but nonculturable cells of
Vibrio vulnificus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61:2620–2623.
92. Oliver, J.D., F. Hite, D. McDougald, N.L. Andon, and L.M. Simpson. 1995. Entry into, and resuscitation from, the viable
but nonculturable state by Vibrio vulnificus in an estuarine environment. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61:2624–2630.
93. Patterson, J.T. 1971. Microbiological assessment of surfaces. J. Food Technol. 6:63–72.
94. Peeler, J.T., J.E. Gilchrist, C.B. Donnelly, and J.E. Campbell. 1977. A collaborative study of the spiral plate method for
examining milk samples. J. Food Protect. 40:462–464.
95. Pettipher, G.L. 1983. The Direct Epifluorescent Filter Technique for the Rapid Enumeration of Microorganisms. New
York: Wiley.
96. Pettipher, G.L., R.J. Fulford, and L.A. Mabbitt. 1983. Collaborative trial of the direct epifluorescent filter technique
(DEFT), a rapid method for counting bacteria in milk. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 54:177–182.
97. Pettipher, G.L., R. Mansell, C.H. McKinnon, and C.M. Cousins. 1980. Rapid membrane filtration-epifluorescent microscopy technique for direct enumeration of bacteria in raw milk. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 39:423–429.
98. Pettipher, G.L., and U.M. Rodrigues. 1981. Rapid enumeration of bacteria in heat-treated milk and milk products using
a membrane filtration-epifluorescent microscopy technique. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 50:157–166.
99. Pettipher, G.L., and U.M. Rodrigues. 1982. Rapid enumeration of microorganisms in foods by the direct epifluorescent
filter technique. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 44:809–813.
100. Pettipher, G.L., R.A. Williams, and C.S. Gutteridge. 1985. An evaluation of possible alternative methods to the Howard
mould count. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 1:49–51.
101. Postgate, J.R., and J.R. Hunter. 1963. Metabolic injury in frozen bacteria. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 26:405–414.
102. Puleo, J.R., M.S. Favero, and N.J. Petersen. 1967. Use of ultrasonic energy in assessing microbial contamination on
surfaces. Appl. Microbiol. 15:1345–1351.