Culture, Microscopic, and Sampling Methods
237
52. Hobbie, J.E., R.J. Daley, and S. Jasper. 1977. Use of nucleopore filters for counting bacteria by fluorescence microscopy.
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 33:1225–1228.
53. Holah, J.T., R.P. Betts, and R.H. Thorpe. 1988. The use of direct epifluorescent microscopy (DEM) and the direct
epifluorescent filter technique (DEFT) to assess microbial populations on food contact surfaces. J. Appl. Bacteriol.
65:215–221.
54. Holley, R.A., S.M. Smith, and A.G. Kempton. 1977. Rapid measurement of meat quality by resazurin reduction. I. Factors
affecting test validity. Can. Inst. Food Sci. Technol. J. 10:153–157.
55. Hurst, A. 1977. Bacterial injury: A review. Can. J. Microbiol. 23:935–944.
56. Hurst, A., G.S. Hendry, A. Hughes, and B. Paley. 1976. Enumeration of sublethally heated staphylococci in some dried
foods. Can. J. Microbiol. 22:677–683.
57. Hurst, A., and A. Hughes. 1978. Stability of ribosomes of Staphylococcus aureus S-6 sublethally heated in different
buffers. J. Bacteriol. 133:564–568.
58. Hurst, A., A. Hughes, J.L. Beare-Rogers, and D.L. Collins-Thompson. 1973. Physiological studies on the recovery of salt
tolerance by Staphylococcus aureus after sublethal heating. J. Bacteriol. 116:901–907.
59. Hurst, A., A. Hughes, D.L. Collins-Thompson, and B.G. Shah. 1974. Relationship between loss of magnesium and loss
of salt tolerance after sublethal heating of Staphylococcus aureus. Can. J. Microbiol. 20:1153–1158.
60. Hutcheson, T.C., T. McKay, L. Farr, and B. Seddon. 1988. Evaluation of the stain Viablue for the rapid estimation of
viable yeast cells. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 6:85–88.
61. Jackson, R.W., K. Osborne, G. Barnes, C. Jolliff, D. Zamani, B. Roll, A. Stillings, D. Herzog, S. Cannon, and S. Loveland.
2000. Multiregional evaluation of the SimPlate heterotrophic plate count method compared to the standard plate count
agar pour plate method in water. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66:453–454.
62. Jarvis, B., V.H. Lach, and J.M. Wood. 1977. Evaluation of the spiral plate maker for the enumeration of micro-organisms
in foods. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 43:149–157.
63. Jay, J.M., and S. Margitic. 1979. Comparison of homogenizing, shaking, and blending of the recovery of microorganisms
and endotoxins from fresh and frozen ground beef as assessed by plate counts and the Limulus amoebocyte lysate test.
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 38:879–884.
64. Jones, S.B., S.A. Palumbo, and J.L. Smith. 1983. Electron microscopy of heat-injured and repaired Staphylococcus aureus.
J. Food Safety 5:145–157.
65. Juffs, H.S., and F.J. Babel. 1975. Rapid enumeration of psychrotrophic bacteria in raw milk by the microscopic colony
count. J. Milk Food Technol. 38:333–336.
66. Knabel, S.J., H.W. Walker, and A.A. Kraft. 1987. Enumeration of fluorescent pseudomonads on poultry by using the
hydrophobic-grid membrane filter method. J. Food Sci. 52:837–841, 845.
67. Koch, H.A., R. Bandler, and R.R. Gibson. 1986. Fluorescence microscopy procedure for quantification of yeasts in
beverages. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 52:599–601.
68. Koller, W. 1984. Recovery of test bacteria from surfaces with a simple new swab-rinse technique: A contribution to
methods for evaluation of surface disinfectants. Zent. Bakteriol. Hyg. I. Orig. B. 179:112–124.
69. Konuma, H., A. Suzuki, and H. Kurata. 1982. Improved Stomacher 400 bag applicable to the spiral plate system for
counting bacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 44:765–769.
70. Lee, A.C., and J.M. Goepfert. 1975. Influence of selected solutes on thermally induced death and injury of Salmonella
Typhimurium. J. Milk Food Technol. 38:195–200.
71. Lowder, M., A. Unge, N. Maraha, J.K. Jansson, J. Swiggett, and J.D. Oliver. 2000. Effect of starvation and the viablebut-nonculturable state on green fluorescent protein (GFP) fluorescence in GFP-tagged Pseudomonas fluorescens A506.
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66:3160–3165.
72. P. Murray, E. Baron, J. Jorgensen, M. Pfaller, and M. Yolken, eds. 2003. Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 8th ed.
Washington, DC: ASM Press.
73. Marshall, R.T., ed. 1993. Standard Methods for the Examination of Dairy Products, 16th ed. Washington, DC: American
Public Health Association.
74. Martin, S.E., R.S. Flowers, and Z.J. Ordal. 1976. Catalase: Its effect on microbial enumeration. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
32:731–734.
75. Matner, R.R., T.L. Fox, D.E. McIver, and M.S. Curiale. 1990. Efficacy of Petrifilm™ count plates for E. coli and coliform
enumeration. J. Food Protect. 53:145–150.
237
52. Hobbie, J.E., R.J. Daley, and S. Jasper. 1977. Use of nucleopore filters for counting bacteria by fluorescence microscopy.
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 33:1225–1228.
53. Holah, J.T., R.P. Betts, and R.H. Thorpe. 1988. The use of direct epifluorescent microscopy (DEM) and the direct
epifluorescent filter technique (DEFT) to assess microbial populations on food contact surfaces. J. Appl. Bacteriol.
65:215–221.
54. Holley, R.A., S.M. Smith, and A.G. Kempton. 1977. Rapid measurement of meat quality by resazurin reduction. I. Factors
affecting test validity. Can. Inst. Food Sci. Technol. J. 10:153–157.
55. Hurst, A. 1977. Bacterial injury: A review. Can. J. Microbiol. 23:935–944.
56. Hurst, A., G.S. Hendry, A. Hughes, and B. Paley. 1976. Enumeration of sublethally heated staphylococci in some dried
foods. Can. J. Microbiol. 22:677–683.
57. Hurst, A., and A. Hughes. 1978. Stability of ribosomes of Staphylococcus aureus S-6 sublethally heated in different
buffers. J. Bacteriol. 133:564–568.
58. Hurst, A., A. Hughes, J.L. Beare-Rogers, and D.L. Collins-Thompson. 1973. Physiological studies on the recovery of salt
tolerance by Staphylococcus aureus after sublethal heating. J. Bacteriol. 116:901–907.
59. Hurst, A., A. Hughes, D.L. Collins-Thompson, and B.G. Shah. 1974. Relationship between loss of magnesium and loss
of salt tolerance after sublethal heating of Staphylococcus aureus. Can. J. Microbiol. 20:1153–1158.
60. Hutcheson, T.C., T. McKay, L. Farr, and B. Seddon. 1988. Evaluation of the stain Viablue for the rapid estimation of
viable yeast cells. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 6:85–88.
61. Jackson, R.W., K. Osborne, G. Barnes, C. Jolliff, D. Zamani, B. Roll, A. Stillings, D. Herzog, S. Cannon, and S. Loveland.
2000. Multiregional evaluation of the SimPlate heterotrophic plate count method compared to the standard plate count
agar pour plate method in water. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66:453–454.
62. Jarvis, B., V.H. Lach, and J.M. Wood. 1977. Evaluation of the spiral plate maker for the enumeration of micro-organisms
in foods. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 43:149–157.
63. Jay, J.M., and S. Margitic. 1979. Comparison of homogenizing, shaking, and blending of the recovery of microorganisms
and endotoxins from fresh and frozen ground beef as assessed by plate counts and the Limulus amoebocyte lysate test.
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 38:879–884.
64. Jones, S.B., S.A. Palumbo, and J.L. Smith. 1983. Electron microscopy of heat-injured and repaired Staphylococcus aureus.
J. Food Safety 5:145–157.
65. Juffs, H.S., and F.J. Babel. 1975. Rapid enumeration of psychrotrophic bacteria in raw milk by the microscopic colony
count. J. Milk Food Technol. 38:333–336.
66. Knabel, S.J., H.W. Walker, and A.A. Kraft. 1987. Enumeration of fluorescent pseudomonads on poultry by using the
hydrophobic-grid membrane filter method. J. Food Sci. 52:837–841, 845.
67. Koch, H.A., R. Bandler, and R.R. Gibson. 1986. Fluorescence microscopy procedure for quantification of yeasts in
beverages. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 52:599–601.
68. Koller, W. 1984. Recovery of test bacteria from surfaces with a simple new swab-rinse technique: A contribution to
methods for evaluation of surface disinfectants. Zent. Bakteriol. Hyg. I. Orig. B. 179:112–124.
69. Konuma, H., A. Suzuki, and H. Kurata. 1982. Improved Stomacher 400 bag applicable to the spiral plate system for
counting bacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 44:765–769.
70. Lee, A.C., and J.M. Goepfert. 1975. Influence of selected solutes on thermally induced death and injury of Salmonella
Typhimurium. J. Milk Food Technol. 38:195–200.
71. Lowder, M., A. Unge, N. Maraha, J.K. Jansson, J. Swiggett, and J.D. Oliver. 2000. Effect of starvation and the viablebut-nonculturable state on green fluorescent protein (GFP) fluorescence in GFP-tagged Pseudomonas fluorescens A506.
Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66:3160–3165.
72. P. Murray, E. Baron, J. Jorgensen, M. Pfaller, and M. Yolken, eds. 2003. Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 8th ed.
Washington, DC: ASM Press.
73. Marshall, R.T., ed. 1993. Standard Methods for the Examination of Dairy Products, 16th ed. Washington, DC: American
Public Health Association.
74. Martin, S.E., R.S. Flowers, and Z.J. Ordal. 1976. Catalase: Its effect on microbial enumeration. Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
32:731–734.
75. Matner, R.R., T.L. Fox, D.E. McIver, and M.S. Curiale. 1990. Efficacy of Petrifilm™ count plates for E. coli and coliform
enumeration. J. Food Protect. 53:145–150.