Culture, Microscopic, and Sampling Methods
235
REFERENCES
1. Alcock, S.J., L.P. Hall, and J.H. Blanchard. 1987. Methylene blue test to assess the microbial contamination of frozen
peas. Food Microbiol. 4:3–10.
2. Allwood, M.C., and A.D. Russell. 1967. Mechanism of thermal injury in Staphylococcus aureus. I. Relationship between
viability and leakage. Appl. Microbiol. 15:1266–1269.
3. Anderson, K.L., and D.Y.C. Fung. 1983. Anaerobic methods, techniques and principles for food bacteriology: A review.
J. Food Protect. 46:811–822.
4. Andrew, M.H.E., and A.D. Russell. 1984. The Revival of Injured Microbes. London: Academic Press.
5. Andrews, W.H., C.R. Wilson, P.L. Poelma, A. Romero, R.A. Rude, A.P. Duran, F.D. McClure, and D.E. Gentile. 1978.
Usefulness of the Stomacher in a microbiological regulatory laboratory. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 35:89–93.
6. Angelotti, R., and M.J. Foter. 1958. A direct surface agar plate laboratory method for quantitatively detecting bacterial
contamination on nonporous surfaces. Food Res. 23:170–174.
7. Angelotti, R., J.L. Wilson, W.Litsky, and W.G. Walter. 1964. Comparative evaluation of the cotton swab and rodac methods
for the recovery of Bacillus subtilis spore contamination from stainless steel surfaces. Health Lab. Sci. 1:289–296.
8. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1983. Enumeration of coliforms in selected foods. Hydrophobic grid membrane filter method, official first action. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 66:547–548.
9. Austin, B.L., and B. Thomas. 1972. Dye reduction tests on meat products. J. Sci. Food Agric. 23:542.
10. Barach, J.T., R.S. Flowers, and D.M. Adams. 1975. Repair of heat-injured Clostridium perfringens spores during outgrowth. Appl. Microbiol. 30:873–875.
11. Betts, R.P., P. Bankes, and J.G. Board. 1989. Rapid enumeration of viable micro-organisms by staining and direct
microscopy. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 9:199–202.
12. Beuchat, L.R., ed. 1987. Food and Beverage Mycology, 2nd ed. New York: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
13. Beuchat, L.R., and R.V. Lechowich. 1968. Effect of salt concentration in the recovery medium on heat-injured Streptococcus faecalis. Appl. Microbiol. 16:772–776.
14. Brewer, D.G., S.E. Martin, and Z.J. Ordal. 1977. Beneficial effects of catalase or pyruvate in a most-probable-number
technique for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 34:797–800.
15. Brodsky, M.H., P. Entis, A.N. Sharpe, and G.A. Jarvis. 1982. Enumeration of indicator organisms in foods using the
automated hydrophobic grid membrane filter technique. J. Food Protect. 45:292–296.
16. Beuchat, L.R., F. Copeland, M.S. Curiale, D. Danisavich, V. Ganger, B.W. King, T.L. Lawlis, R.O. Likin, J. Owkusoa,
C.E. Smith, and D.E. Townsend. 1998. Comparison of SimPlate total plate count method with Petrifilm, Redigel, and
conventional pour-plate methods for enumerating aerobic microorganisms in foods. J. Food Protect. 61:14–18.
17. Brodsky, M.H., P. Entis, M.P. Entis, A.N. Sharpe, and G.A. Jarvis. 1982. Determination of aerobic plate and yeast
and mold counts in foods using an automated hydrophobic grid membrane filter technique. J. Food Protect. 45:301–
304.
18. Bogosian, G., P.J.L. Morris, and J.P. O’Neil. 1998. A mixed culture recovery method indicates that enteric bacteria do not
enter the viable but nonculturable state. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64:1736–1742.
19. Brodsky, M.H., P. Boleszczuk, and P. Entis. 1982. Effect of stress and resuscitation on recovery of indicator bacteria from
foods using hydrophobic grid-membrane filtration. J. Food Protect. 45:1326–1331.
20. Busta, F.F. 1976. Practical implications of injured microorganisms in food. J. Milk Food Technol. 39:138–145.
21. Chain, V.S., and D.Y.C. Fung. 1991. Comparison of Redigel, Petrifilm, Spiral plate system, Isogrid, and aerobic plate
count for determining the numbers of aerobic bacteria in selected foods. J. Food Protect. 54:208–211.
22. Clark, D.S. 1965. Method of estimating the bacterial population of surfaces. Can. J. Microbiol. 11:407–413.
23. Clark, D.S. 1965. Improvement of spray gun method of estimating bacterial populations on surfaces. Can. J. Microbiol.
11:1021–1022.
24. Conner, D.E., and L.R. Beuchat. 1984. Sensitivity of heat-stressed yeasts to essential oils of plants. Appl. Environ.
Microbiol. 47:229–233.
25. Cordray, J.C., and D.L. Huffman. 1985. Comparison of three methods for estimating surface bacteria on pork carcasses.
J. Food Protect. 48:582–584.
235
REFERENCES
1. Alcock, S.J., L.P. Hall, and J.H. Blanchard. 1987. Methylene blue test to assess the microbial contamination of frozen
peas. Food Microbiol. 4:3–10.
2. Allwood, M.C., and A.D. Russell. 1967. Mechanism of thermal injury in Staphylococcus aureus. I. Relationship between
viability and leakage. Appl. Microbiol. 15:1266–1269.
3. Anderson, K.L., and D.Y.C. Fung. 1983. Anaerobic methods, techniques and principles for food bacteriology: A review.
J. Food Protect. 46:811–822.
4. Andrew, M.H.E., and A.D. Russell. 1984. The Revival of Injured Microbes. London: Academic Press.
5. Andrews, W.H., C.R. Wilson, P.L. Poelma, A. Romero, R.A. Rude, A.P. Duran, F.D. McClure, and D.E. Gentile. 1978.
Usefulness of the Stomacher in a microbiological regulatory laboratory. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 35:89–93.
6. Angelotti, R., and M.J. Foter. 1958. A direct surface agar plate laboratory method for quantitatively detecting bacterial
contamination on nonporous surfaces. Food Res. 23:170–174.
7. Angelotti, R., J.L. Wilson, W.Litsky, and W.G. Walter. 1964. Comparative evaluation of the cotton swab and rodac methods
for the recovery of Bacillus subtilis spore contamination from stainless steel surfaces. Health Lab. Sci. 1:289–296.
8. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1983. Enumeration of coliforms in selected foods. Hydrophobic grid membrane filter method, official first action. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 66:547–548.
9. Austin, B.L., and B. Thomas. 1972. Dye reduction tests on meat products. J. Sci. Food Agric. 23:542.
10. Barach, J.T., R.S. Flowers, and D.M. Adams. 1975. Repair of heat-injured Clostridium perfringens spores during outgrowth. Appl. Microbiol. 30:873–875.
11. Betts, R.P., P. Bankes, and J.G. Board. 1989. Rapid enumeration of viable micro-organisms by staining and direct
microscopy. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 9:199–202.
12. Beuchat, L.R., ed. 1987. Food and Beverage Mycology, 2nd ed. New York: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
13. Beuchat, L.R., and R.V. Lechowich. 1968. Effect of salt concentration in the recovery medium on heat-injured Streptococcus faecalis. Appl. Microbiol. 16:772–776.
14. Brewer, D.G., S.E. Martin, and Z.J. Ordal. 1977. Beneficial effects of catalase or pyruvate in a most-probable-number
technique for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 34:797–800.
15. Brodsky, M.H., P. Entis, A.N. Sharpe, and G.A. Jarvis. 1982. Enumeration of indicator organisms in foods using the
automated hydrophobic grid membrane filter technique. J. Food Protect. 45:292–296.
16. Beuchat, L.R., F. Copeland, M.S. Curiale, D. Danisavich, V. Ganger, B.W. King, T.L. Lawlis, R.O. Likin, J. Owkusoa,
C.E. Smith, and D.E. Townsend. 1998. Comparison of SimPlate total plate count method with Petrifilm, Redigel, and
conventional pour-plate methods for enumerating aerobic microorganisms in foods. J. Food Protect. 61:14–18.
17. Brodsky, M.H., P. Entis, M.P. Entis, A.N. Sharpe, and G.A. Jarvis. 1982. Determination of aerobic plate and yeast
and mold counts in foods using an automated hydrophobic grid membrane filter technique. J. Food Protect. 45:301–
304.
18. Bogosian, G., P.J.L. Morris, and J.P. O’Neil. 1998. A mixed culture recovery method indicates that enteric bacteria do not
enter the viable but nonculturable state. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64:1736–1742.
19. Brodsky, M.H., P. Boleszczuk, and P. Entis. 1982. Effect of stress and resuscitation on recovery of indicator bacteria from
foods using hydrophobic grid-membrane filtration. J. Food Protect. 45:1326–1331.
20. Busta, F.F. 1976. Practical implications of injured microorganisms in food. J. Milk Food Technol. 39:138–145.
21. Chain, V.S., and D.Y.C. Fung. 1991. Comparison of Redigel, Petrifilm, Spiral plate system, Isogrid, and aerobic plate
count for determining the numbers of aerobic bacteria in selected foods. J. Food Protect. 54:208–211.
22. Clark, D.S. 1965. Method of estimating the bacterial population of surfaces. Can. J. Microbiol. 11:407–413.
23. Clark, D.S. 1965. Improvement of spray gun method of estimating bacterial populations on surfaces. Can. J. Microbiol.
11:1021–1022.
24. Conner, D.E., and L.R. Beuchat. 1984. Sensitivity of heat-stressed yeasts to essential oils of plants. Appl. Environ.
Microbiol. 47:229–233.
25. Cordray, J.C., and D.L. Huffman. 1985. Comparison of three methods for estimating surface bacteria on pork carcasses.
J. Food Protect. 48:582–584.