Treatment of Textile Wastewater Using Biochar Produced …
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method because of its unique properties like high sorption capacities, low operating
cost, and easier to operate on comparing it with other techniques [2].
1.1 Various Methodologies Available for Wastewater
Treatment
The various methodologies which are available for the treatment of effluent are
categorized as follows.
• Physical Treatment.
• Chemical Treatment.
Physical Treatment
There are number of techniques which are available to treat the coloured effluent
which is being discharged from textile industries. Few methods namely membrane
filtration, adsorption, electro dialysis, and reverse osmosis will fall under this category. All these methods have some defects. Of these methods, the membrane filtration
method has a major drawback on comparison with other technologies because the
membrane tends to be fouled very easily. In this method, the membrane has to be
monitored constantly to prevent fouling, and periodic replacement of the membrane
is required for effective functioning of the system. Of all these available techniques,
the adsorption process seems to be more effective because of its low operating cost
and distinctive properties [9].
Chemical Treatment
The dyes present in the effluent let of from the textile industries can also be treated by
subjecting them to coagulation and flocculation methods. This method also involves
the addition of some organic polymers. This method is generally very expensive in
nature. The major drawback of this method is that it involves sludge formation at the
final stage of the process which in turn is pH dependent [9].
1.2 What Is Biochar?
Biochar is a charcoal that is made to be used as soil manure. It is not like a charcoal
that is available in stores which contains a number of ingredients. It can be made from
all forms of organic matter including wood and dried manure. It is produced through
a process known as pyrolysis which is the heating or burning of a biomass such as
wood and oxygen limited environment. The liquid and gases that are present in the
biomass are released during pyrolysis leaving a very small amount of carbon and a
small amount of inorganic ash, and this remaining carbon material when used as a
soil amendment is called as biochar. Biochar has number of benefits that results in
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method because of its unique properties like high sorption capacities, low operating
cost, and easier to operate on comparing it with other techniques [2].
1.1 Various Methodologies Available for Wastewater
Treatment
The various methodologies which are available for the treatment of effluent are
categorized as follows.
• Physical Treatment.
• Chemical Treatment.
Physical Treatment
There are number of techniques which are available to treat the coloured effluent
which is being discharged from textile industries. Few methods namely membrane
filtration, adsorption, electro dialysis, and reverse osmosis will fall under this category. All these methods have some defects. Of these methods, the membrane filtration
method has a major drawback on comparison with other technologies because the
membrane tends to be fouled very easily. In this method, the membrane has to be
monitored constantly to prevent fouling, and periodic replacement of the membrane
is required for effective functioning of the system. Of all these available techniques,
the adsorption process seems to be more effective because of its low operating cost
and distinctive properties [9].
Chemical Treatment
The dyes present in the effluent let of from the textile industries can also be treated by
subjecting them to coagulation and flocculation methods. This method also involves
the addition of some organic polymers. This method is generally very expensive in
nature. The major drawback of this method is that it involves sludge formation at the
final stage of the process which in turn is pH dependent [9].
1.2 What Is Biochar?
Biochar is a charcoal that is made to be used as soil manure. It is not like a charcoal
that is available in stores which contains a number of ingredients. It can be made from
all forms of organic matter including wood and dried manure. It is produced through
a process known as pyrolysis which is the heating or burning of a biomass such as
wood and oxygen limited environment. The liquid and gases that are present in the
biomass are released during pyrolysis leaving a very small amount of carbon and a
small amount of inorganic ash, and this remaining carbon material when used as a
soil amendment is called as biochar. Biochar has number of benefits that results in