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R. Sivaranjanee and P. Senthil Kumar
1 Introduction
In recent times, the effluent which is let out from different industries namely textile,
printing, leather, dyeing, and paper and pulp industries contains toxic substances
which have the potential to pollute the surface water, groundwater, and soil [1]. As
the demand for safe water increases, the waste effluent released from the industries
needs to be addressed at the earliest [2]. A textile industry on the whole makes use
of a variety of dyes for the purpose of colouring. Separate dyes are employed in the
process of manufacturing, and the cationic dye plays a key role. A vast amount of
waste sludge and polluted water is generated by the textile industry. On the contrary,
the effluent released from the textile industry contains complex substances when
compared to the other effluent from various industries [3]. The effluent let out from
the dyeing industry is dreadful, alkaline in nature, and it denotes the presence of
high concentration of aromatic contaminants as well as other complex substances
within it [4]. The industrial effluent accounts for about 15% of the dye lost during
the various activities that take place inside the industries namely manufacturing and
processing operations [5]. The effluent which is released from the textile industry
denotes the presence of high COD level and a low BOD level in them [2].
The intensity of colour which is present in contaminated water is extremely
harmful even when the concentration is very low [3]. The presence of small quantity of dye solution can be a great threat to aquatic systems. The textile discharge
is also carried with itself an enormous amount of organic substances which needs
to be concentrated before it is let out into any water bodies. About 800,000 tons of
10,000 different synthetic dyes are produced yearly on an average, and this dyeing
industry happens to release 140,000 tons of variety of synthetic dyes which has a
great negative impact on environment. It has also been noted that the textile industry
gives rise to a huge volume of sewage and as a result it has gained attention amongst
researchers in recent years [6]. The effluent can be effectively treated by employing
various sources of agricultural waste. In general, agricultural waste refers to any type
of organic squanders which is got rid by human beings during agricultural production,
and the waste material includes plant waste, livestock manure, and certain domestic
waste [7].
Biochar is generally preferred on comparison with other adsorbent because of
its low cost and its ability to concentrate enormous amount of pollutants. Textile
industry generates a huge quantity was wastewater during the manufacturing process.
Disposal of textile effluent has to be concentrated on a large scale before it is let out
into the environment because the effluent from this industry contains many complex
substances as well as some heavy colours within it. Many techniques like adsorption, ion exchange, photocatalysis, membrane filtration, oxidation process, chemical precipitation are available to treat the dyes let out from textile industries [8].
This effluent when let out into the environment causes serious illness and pollution
to animals and mankind. So, treating this effluent becomes a great challenge, and
various researches are being carried out in this issue. Amongst the various techniques
available for treating wastewater, the adsorption technique seems to be the most facile
R. Sivaranjanee and P. Senthil Kumar
1 Introduction
In recent times, the effluent which is let out from different industries namely textile,
printing, leather, dyeing, and paper and pulp industries contains toxic substances
which have the potential to pollute the surface water, groundwater, and soil [1]. As
the demand for safe water increases, the waste effluent released from the industries
needs to be addressed at the earliest [2]. A textile industry on the whole makes use
of a variety of dyes for the purpose of colouring. Separate dyes are employed in the
process of manufacturing, and the cationic dye plays a key role. A vast amount of
waste sludge and polluted water is generated by the textile industry. On the contrary,
the effluent released from the textile industry contains complex substances when
compared to the other effluent from various industries [3]. The effluent let out from
the dyeing industry is dreadful, alkaline in nature, and it denotes the presence of
high concentration of aromatic contaminants as well as other complex substances
within it [4]. The industrial effluent accounts for about 15% of the dye lost during
the various activities that take place inside the industries namely manufacturing and
processing operations [5]. The effluent which is released from the textile industry
denotes the presence of high COD level and a low BOD level in them [2].
The intensity of colour which is present in contaminated water is extremely
harmful even when the concentration is very low [3]. The presence of small quantity of dye solution can be a great threat to aquatic systems. The textile discharge
is also carried with itself an enormous amount of organic substances which needs
to be concentrated before it is let out into any water bodies. About 800,000 tons of
10,000 different synthetic dyes are produced yearly on an average, and this dyeing
industry happens to release 140,000 tons of variety of synthetic dyes which has a
great negative impact on environment. It has also been noted that the textile industry
gives rise to a huge volume of sewage and as a result it has gained attention amongst
researchers in recent years [6]. The effluent can be effectively treated by employing
various sources of agricultural waste. In general, agricultural waste refers to any type
of organic squanders which is got rid by human beings during agricultural production,
and the waste material includes plant waste, livestock manure, and certain domestic
waste [7].
Biochar is generally preferred on comparison with other adsorbent because of
its low cost and its ability to concentrate enormous amount of pollutants. Textile
industry generates a huge quantity was wastewater during the manufacturing process.
Disposal of textile effluent has to be concentrated on a large scale before it is let out
into the environment because the effluent from this industry contains many complex
substances as well as some heavy colours within it. Many techniques like adsorption, ion exchange, photocatalysis, membrane filtration, oxidation process, chemical precipitation are available to treat the dyes let out from textile industries [8].
This effluent when let out into the environment causes serious illness and pollution
to animals and mankind. So, treating this effluent becomes a great challenge, and
various researches are being carried out in this issue. Amongst the various techniques
available for treating wastewater, the adsorption technique seems to be the most facile