luminescens subsp. nov., P. luminescens subsp.
akhurstii subsp. nov., P. luminescens subsp.
laumondii subsp. nov., P. temperata sp. nov.,
P. temperate subsp. temperata subsp. nov. and
P. asymbiotica sp. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 49
(4):1645–1656
86. Machado RAR, Bruno P, Arce CCM,
Liechti
N,
Ko ¨hler
A,
Bernal
J,
Bruggmann R, Turlings TCJ (2019) Photorhabdus khanii subsp. guanajuatensis subsp.
nov., isolated from Heterorhabditis atacamensis, and Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. Mexicana
subsp.
nov.,
isolated
from
Heterorhabditis mexicana entomopathogenic
nematodes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 69
(3):652–661
87. Machado RAR, Wu ¨thrich D, Kuhnert P, Arce
CCM, Tho ¨nen L, Ruiz C, Zhang X, Robert
CAM, Karimi J, Kamali S, Ma J,
Bruggmann R, Erb M (2018) Wholegenome-based revisit of Photorhabdus phylogeny: proposal for the elevation of most
Photorhabdus subspecies to the species level
and description of one novel species Photorhabdus bodei sp. nov., and one novel subspecies Photorhabdus laumondii subsp. clarkei
subsp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 68
(8):2664–2681
88. Hazir S, Stackebrandt E, Lang E,
Schumann P, Ehlers R-U, Keskin N (2004)
Two new subspecies of Photorhabdus luminescens, isolated from Heterorhabditis bacteriophora
(Nematoda:
Heterorhabditidae):
Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. Kayaii
subsp. nov. and Photorhabdus luminescens
subsp. thracensis subsp. nov. Syst Appl Microbiol 27(1):36–42
89. Akhurst RJ, Boemare NE, Janssen PH, Peel
MM, Alfredson DA, Beard CE (2004) Taxonomy of Australian clinical isolates of the genus
Photorhabdus and proposal of Photorhabdus
asymbiotica subsp. asymbiotica subsp. nov.
and P. asymbiotica subsp. australis subsp.
nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 54
(4):1301–1310
90. To ´ th T, Lakatos T (2008) Photorhabdus temperata subsp. cinerea subsp. nov., isolated
from Heterorhabditis nematodes. Int J Syst
Evol Microbiol 58(11):2579–2581
91. An R, Grewal PS (2011) Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. kleinii subsp. nov. (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae). Curr Microbiol
62(2):539–543
92. Orozco RA, Hill T, Stock SP (2013) Characterization and phylogenetic relationships of
Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. sonorensis
(γ- Proteobacteria: Enterobacteriaceae), the
bacterial symbiont of the entomopathogenic
nematode
Heterorhabditis
sonorensis
(Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae). Curr Microbiol 66(1):30–39
93. Mahmoud MF, Mahfouz HM, Mohamed KM
(2016) Compatibility of entomopathogenic
nematodes with neonctinoids and azadirachtin insecticides for controlling the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) in canola
plants. IJEST 2(1):11–18
94. Ehlers RU (2001) Mass production of entomopathogenic nematodes for plant protection. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 56
(5–6):623–633
95. Kondo E, Ishibashi N (1986) Nictating
behavior and infectivity of entomogenous
nematodes, Steinernema spp., to the larvae
of common cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), on the soil surface. Appl
Entomol Zool 21(4):553–560
96. Strauch E, Arnold W, Alijah R, Wohlleben W,
Puhler A, Eckes P, Wengenmayer F (1994)
U.S. Patent No. 5,276,268. U.S. Patent and
Trademark Office, Washington, DC
97. Griffin CT, Boemare NE, Lewis EE (2005)
Biology and behavior. In: Grewal PS, Ehler
R-U, Shapiro-Ilan DI (eds) Nematodes as
biocontrol agents. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, pp 47–64
98. Kaya HK, Koppenho ¨fer AM (1999) Biology
and ecology of insecticidal nematodes. In:
Optimal use of insecticidal nematodes in pest
management. IntechOpen, Croatia, pp 1–8
99. Sivaramakrishnan S, Razia M (2015) Sustainability of entomopathogenic nematodes
against crop pests. In: Biocontrol of lepidopteran pests. Springer, Cham, pp 315–328
100. Chen MJ (1996) Competitor analysis and
interfirm rivalry: toward a theoretical integration. Acad Manag Rev 21:100–134
101. Li J, Chen G, Webster JM (1997) Nematophin, a novel antimicrobial substance produced by Xenorhabdus nematophilus
(Enterobactereaceae). Can J Microbiol
43:770–773
102. McInerney BV, Taylor WC, Lacey MJ,
Akhurst RJ, Gregson RP (1991) Biologically
active metabolites from Xenorhabdus spp.
Part 2. Benzopyran-1-one derivatives with
gastroprotective activity. J Nat Prod
54:785–795
103. Webster SP, Alexeev D, Campopiano DJ,
Watt RM, Alexeeva M, Sawyer L, Baxter RL
(2000) Mechanism of 8-amino-7-oxononanoate synthase: spectroscopic, kinetic, and
crystallographic studies. Biochemistry 39
(3):516–528
104. Razia M, Karthik Raja R, Padmanaban K,
Chellapandi P, Sivaramakrishnan S (2010) A
phylogenetic approach for assigning function
References
167
akhurstii subsp. nov., P. luminescens subsp.
laumondii subsp. nov., P. temperata sp. nov.,
P. temperate subsp. temperata subsp. nov. and
P. asymbiotica sp. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 49
(4):1645–1656
86. Machado RAR, Bruno P, Arce CCM,
Liechti
N,
Ko ¨hler
A,
Bernal
J,
Bruggmann R, Turlings TCJ (2019) Photorhabdus khanii subsp. guanajuatensis subsp.
nov., isolated from Heterorhabditis atacamensis, and Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. Mexicana
subsp.
nov.,
isolated
from
Heterorhabditis mexicana entomopathogenic
nematodes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 69
(3):652–661
87. Machado RAR, Wu ¨thrich D, Kuhnert P, Arce
CCM, Tho ¨nen L, Ruiz C, Zhang X, Robert
CAM, Karimi J, Kamali S, Ma J,
Bruggmann R, Erb M (2018) Wholegenome-based revisit of Photorhabdus phylogeny: proposal for the elevation of most
Photorhabdus subspecies to the species level
and description of one novel species Photorhabdus bodei sp. nov., and one novel subspecies Photorhabdus laumondii subsp. clarkei
subsp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 68
(8):2664–2681
88. Hazir S, Stackebrandt E, Lang E,
Schumann P, Ehlers R-U, Keskin N (2004)
Two new subspecies of Photorhabdus luminescens, isolated from Heterorhabditis bacteriophora
(Nematoda:
Heterorhabditidae):
Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. Kayaii
subsp. nov. and Photorhabdus luminescens
subsp. thracensis subsp. nov. Syst Appl Microbiol 27(1):36–42
89. Akhurst RJ, Boemare NE, Janssen PH, Peel
MM, Alfredson DA, Beard CE (2004) Taxonomy of Australian clinical isolates of the genus
Photorhabdus and proposal of Photorhabdus
asymbiotica subsp. asymbiotica subsp. nov.
and P. asymbiotica subsp. australis subsp.
nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 54
(4):1301–1310
90. To ´ th T, Lakatos T (2008) Photorhabdus temperata subsp. cinerea subsp. nov., isolated
from Heterorhabditis nematodes. Int J Syst
Evol Microbiol 58(11):2579–2581
91. An R, Grewal PS (2011) Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. kleinii subsp. nov. (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae). Curr Microbiol
62(2):539–543
92. Orozco RA, Hill T, Stock SP (2013) Characterization and phylogenetic relationships of
Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. sonorensis
(γ- Proteobacteria: Enterobacteriaceae), the
bacterial symbiont of the entomopathogenic
nematode
Heterorhabditis
sonorensis
(Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae). Curr Microbiol 66(1):30–39
93. Mahmoud MF, Mahfouz HM, Mohamed KM
(2016) Compatibility of entomopathogenic
nematodes with neonctinoids and azadirachtin insecticides for controlling the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) in canola
plants. IJEST 2(1):11–18
94. Ehlers RU (2001) Mass production of entomopathogenic nematodes for plant protection. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 56
(5–6):623–633
95. Kondo E, Ishibashi N (1986) Nictating
behavior and infectivity of entomogenous
nematodes, Steinernema spp., to the larvae
of common cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), on the soil surface. Appl
Entomol Zool 21(4):553–560
96. Strauch E, Arnold W, Alijah R, Wohlleben W,
Puhler A, Eckes P, Wengenmayer F (1994)
U.S. Patent No. 5,276,268. U.S. Patent and
Trademark Office, Washington, DC
97. Griffin CT, Boemare NE, Lewis EE (2005)
Biology and behavior. In: Grewal PS, Ehler
R-U, Shapiro-Ilan DI (eds) Nematodes as
biocontrol agents. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK, pp 47–64
98. Kaya HK, Koppenho ¨fer AM (1999) Biology
and ecology of insecticidal nematodes. In:
Optimal use of insecticidal nematodes in pest
management. IntechOpen, Croatia, pp 1–8
99. Sivaramakrishnan S, Razia M (2015) Sustainability of entomopathogenic nematodes
against crop pests. In: Biocontrol of lepidopteran pests. Springer, Cham, pp 315–328
100. Chen MJ (1996) Competitor analysis and
interfirm rivalry: toward a theoretical integration. Acad Manag Rev 21:100–134
101. Li J, Chen G, Webster JM (1997) Nematophin, a novel antimicrobial substance produced by Xenorhabdus nematophilus
(Enterobactereaceae). Can J Microbiol
43:770–773
102. McInerney BV, Taylor WC, Lacey MJ,
Akhurst RJ, Gregson RP (1991) Biologically
active metabolites from Xenorhabdus spp.
Part 2. Benzopyran-1-one derivatives with
gastroprotective activity. J Nat Prod
54:785–795
103. Webster SP, Alexeev D, Campopiano DJ,
Watt RM, Alexeeva M, Sawyer L, Baxter RL
(2000) Mechanism of 8-amino-7-oxononanoate synthase: spectroscopic, kinetic, and
crystallographic studies. Biochemistry 39
(3):516–528
104. Razia M, Karthik Raja R, Padmanaban K,
Chellapandi P, Sivaramakrishnan S (2010) A
phylogenetic approach for assigning function
References
167