64. Khan A, Brooks WM, Hirschmann H (1976)
Chromonema heliothidis n. gen., n. sp.(Steinernematidae, Nematoda), a parasite of
Heliothis zea (Noctuidae, Lepidoptera), and
other insects. J Nematol 8(2):159
65. Thomas GM, Poinar GO Jr (1979) Xenorhabdus gen. nov., a genus of entomopathogenic
nematophilic bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Int J Syst Bacteriol 29:352–360
66. Boemare NE, Akhurst RJ, Mourant RG
(1993) DNA relatedness between Xenorhabdus spp. (Enterobacteriaceae), symbiotic bacteria of entomopathogenic nematodes, and a
proposal to transfer Xenorhabdus luminescens
to a new genus, Photorhabdus gen. nov. Int J
Syst Evol Microbiol 43(2):249–255
67. Bird AF, Akhurst RJ (1983) The nature of the
intestinal vesicle in nematodes of the family
Steinernematidae. Int J Parasitol 13
(6):599–606
68. Boemare N, Laumond C, Mauleon H (1996)
The entomopathogenic nematode-bacterium
complex: biology, life cycle and vertebrate
safety. Biocontrol Sci Tech 6(3):333–346
69. Endo BY, Nickle WR (1994) Ultrastructure
of the buccal cavity region and oesophagus of
the insect parasitic nematode, Heterorhabditis
Bacteriophora1.
Nematologica
40
(1–4):379–398
70. Spiridonov SE, Akhmedov EN, Belostotskaya
FN (1991) Proliferation of symbiotic bacteria
in the intestinal vesicles of invasive larvae of
Neoaplectana spp. (Nematoda, Steinernematidae). Helminthologia 28:141–142
71. Forst S, Clarke D (2002) Bacteria-nematode
symbiosis.
In:
Gaugler
R
(ed) Entomopathogenic nematology. CABI
Publishing, Wallingford, UK, pp 57–77
72. Koppenho ¨fer HS, Gaugler R (2009) Entomopathogenic nematode and bacteria mutualism. In: White J, Torres M (eds) Defensive
mutualism in microbial symbiosis. CRC
Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp 99–116
73. Poinar GO Jr, Thomas GM (1965) A new
bacterium, Achromobacter Nematophilus
sp. nov. (Achromobactericeae Eubacteriales)
associated with a nematode. Int Bull Bact
Nomen Tax 15:249–252
74. Akhurst RJ (1983) Taxonomic study of
Xenorhabdus, a genus of bacteria symbiotically associated with insect pathogenic nematodes. Int J Syst Bacteriol 33(1):38–45
75. Akhurst RJ (1986a) Xenorhabdus nematophilus subsp. poinarii: its interaction with insect
pathogenic nematodes. Syst Appl Microbiol 8
(1–2):142–147
76. Akhurst RJ (1986b) Xenorhabdus nematophilus subsp. beddingii (Enterobacteriaceae): a
new subspecies of bacteria mutualistically
associated with entomopathogenic nematodes. Int J Syst Bacteriol 36:454–457
77. Nishimura Y, Hagiwara A, Suzuki T, Yamanaka S (1994) Xenorhabdus japonicus sp. nov.
associated with the nematode Steinernema
kushidai. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 10
(2):207–210
78. Lengyel K, Lang E, Fodor A, Szallas E,
Schumann P, Stackebrandt E (2005) Description of four novel species of Xenorhabdus,
family Enterobacteriaceae:
Xenorhabdus
budapestensis sp. nov., Xenorhabdus ehlersii
sp. nov., Xenorhabdus innexi sp. nov., and
Xenorhabdus szentirmaii sp. nov. Syst Appl
Microbiol 28(2):115–122
79. Tailliez P, Pages S, Ginibre N, Boemare N
(2006) New insight into diversity in the
genus Xenorhabdus, including the description of ten novel species. Int J Syst Evol
Microbiol 56(12):2805–2818
80. Somvanshi VS, Lang E, Ganguly S,
Swiderski J, Saxena AK, Stackebrandt E
(2006) A novel species of Xenorhabdus, family Enterobacteriaceae: Xenorhabdus indica
sp. nov., symbiotically associated with entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema thermophilum Ganguly and Singh, 2000. Syst
Appl Microbiol 29(7):519–525
81. Tailliez P, Pages S, Edgington S, Tymo LM,
Buddie AG (2012) Description of Xenorhabdus magdalenensis sp. nov., the symbiotic bacterium associated with Steinernema australe.
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 62(8):1761–1765
82. Kuwata R, Qiu LH, Wang W, Harada Y,
Yoshida M, Kondo E, Yoshiga T (2013)
Xenorhabdus ishibashii sp. nov., isolated from
the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema aciari. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol
63:1690–1695
83. Ferreira T, van Reenen CA, Endo A, Sproer C,
Malan AP, Dicks LMT (2013) Description of
Xenorhabdus khoisanae sp. nov., the symbiont
of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema khoisanae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 63
(9):3220–3224
84. K€ ampfer P, Tobias NJ, Ke LP, Bode HB, Glaeser SP (2017) Xenorhabdus thuongxuanensis
sp. nov. and Xenorhabdus eapokensis sp. nov.,
isolated from Steinernema species. Int J Syst
Evol Microbiol 67(5):1107–1114
85. Fischer-Le Saux M, Viallard V, Brunel B,
Normand P, Boemare NE (1999) Polyphasic
classification of the genus Photorhabdus and
proposal of new taxa: P. luminescens subsp.
166
References
Chromonema heliothidis n. gen., n. sp.(Steinernematidae, Nematoda), a parasite of
Heliothis zea (Noctuidae, Lepidoptera), and
other insects. J Nematol 8(2):159
65. Thomas GM, Poinar GO Jr (1979) Xenorhabdus gen. nov., a genus of entomopathogenic
nematophilic bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Int J Syst Bacteriol 29:352–360
66. Boemare NE, Akhurst RJ, Mourant RG
(1993) DNA relatedness between Xenorhabdus spp. (Enterobacteriaceae), symbiotic bacteria of entomopathogenic nematodes, and a
proposal to transfer Xenorhabdus luminescens
to a new genus, Photorhabdus gen. nov. Int J
Syst Evol Microbiol 43(2):249–255
67. Bird AF, Akhurst RJ (1983) The nature of the
intestinal vesicle in nematodes of the family
Steinernematidae. Int J Parasitol 13
(6):599–606
68. Boemare N, Laumond C, Mauleon H (1996)
The entomopathogenic nematode-bacterium
complex: biology, life cycle and vertebrate
safety. Biocontrol Sci Tech 6(3):333–346
69. Endo BY, Nickle WR (1994) Ultrastructure
of the buccal cavity region and oesophagus of
the insect parasitic nematode, Heterorhabditis
Bacteriophora1.
Nematologica
40
(1–4):379–398
70. Spiridonov SE, Akhmedov EN, Belostotskaya
FN (1991) Proliferation of symbiotic bacteria
in the intestinal vesicles of invasive larvae of
Neoaplectana spp. (Nematoda, Steinernematidae). Helminthologia 28:141–142
71. Forst S, Clarke D (2002) Bacteria-nematode
symbiosis.
In:
Gaugler
R
(ed) Entomopathogenic nematology. CABI
Publishing, Wallingford, UK, pp 57–77
72. Koppenho ¨fer HS, Gaugler R (2009) Entomopathogenic nematode and bacteria mutualism. In: White J, Torres M (eds) Defensive
mutualism in microbial symbiosis. CRC
Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp 99–116
73. Poinar GO Jr, Thomas GM (1965) A new
bacterium, Achromobacter Nematophilus
sp. nov. (Achromobactericeae Eubacteriales)
associated with a nematode. Int Bull Bact
Nomen Tax 15:249–252
74. Akhurst RJ (1983) Taxonomic study of
Xenorhabdus, a genus of bacteria symbiotically associated with insect pathogenic nematodes. Int J Syst Bacteriol 33(1):38–45
75. Akhurst RJ (1986a) Xenorhabdus nematophilus subsp. poinarii: its interaction with insect
pathogenic nematodes. Syst Appl Microbiol 8
(1–2):142–147
76. Akhurst RJ (1986b) Xenorhabdus nematophilus subsp. beddingii (Enterobacteriaceae): a
new subspecies of bacteria mutualistically
associated with entomopathogenic nematodes. Int J Syst Bacteriol 36:454–457
77. Nishimura Y, Hagiwara A, Suzuki T, Yamanaka S (1994) Xenorhabdus japonicus sp. nov.
associated with the nematode Steinernema
kushidai. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 10
(2):207–210
78. Lengyel K, Lang E, Fodor A, Szallas E,
Schumann P, Stackebrandt E (2005) Description of four novel species of Xenorhabdus,
family Enterobacteriaceae:
Xenorhabdus
budapestensis sp. nov., Xenorhabdus ehlersii
sp. nov., Xenorhabdus innexi sp. nov., and
Xenorhabdus szentirmaii sp. nov. Syst Appl
Microbiol 28(2):115–122
79. Tailliez P, Pages S, Ginibre N, Boemare N
(2006) New insight into diversity in the
genus Xenorhabdus, including the description of ten novel species. Int J Syst Evol
Microbiol 56(12):2805–2818
80. Somvanshi VS, Lang E, Ganguly S,
Swiderski J, Saxena AK, Stackebrandt E
(2006) A novel species of Xenorhabdus, family Enterobacteriaceae: Xenorhabdus indica
sp. nov., symbiotically associated with entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema thermophilum Ganguly and Singh, 2000. Syst
Appl Microbiol 29(7):519–525
81. Tailliez P, Pages S, Edgington S, Tymo LM,
Buddie AG (2012) Description of Xenorhabdus magdalenensis sp. nov., the symbiotic bacterium associated with Steinernema australe.
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 62(8):1761–1765
82. Kuwata R, Qiu LH, Wang W, Harada Y,
Yoshida M, Kondo E, Yoshiga T (2013)
Xenorhabdus ishibashii sp. nov., isolated from
the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema aciari. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol
63:1690–1695
83. Ferreira T, van Reenen CA, Endo A, Sproer C,
Malan AP, Dicks LMT (2013) Description of
Xenorhabdus khoisanae sp. nov., the symbiont
of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema khoisanae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 63
(9):3220–3224
84. K€ ampfer P, Tobias NJ, Ke LP, Bode HB, Glaeser SP (2017) Xenorhabdus thuongxuanensis
sp. nov. and Xenorhabdus eapokensis sp. nov.,
isolated from Steinernema species. Int J Syst
Evol Microbiol 67(5):1107–1114
85. Fischer-Le Saux M, Viallard V, Brunel B,
Normand P, Boemare NE (1999) Polyphasic
classification of the genus Photorhabdus and
proposal of new taxa: P. luminescens subsp.
166
References