chemical usage, dry
process
investment cost and
energy demand is
high, high cost of
membranes
and Vrboba and Karel
(2017)
Mixed matrix
Higher values of
adsorption capacities,
specific surface area
Fabrication is done for
ease in handling
Zhang et al. (2013)
and Sahota et al.
(2018)
Cryogenic technology
High purity methane
is obtained, chemical
requirement is nil, no
compression is
required
High capital and
operating cost, high
energy requirement
Deublen and
Steinhauser (2010),
Sahota et al. (2018)
and Ryckebosch et al.
(2011)
In situ methane enrichment
Cost-effective
technology, easy to
operate
High methane loss,
suitable for smallscale plants
Petersson and
Wellinger (2009) and
Sahota et al. (2018)
Hybrid technologies
Cryogenic and Membrane technology
Less energy intensive,
enhanced energy
performance, high
CO
2 and S-capturing
tendency, low
operating cost
–
Sahota et al. (2018),
Belaissaoui et al.
(2012) and Song et al.
(2017)
Membrane technology and pressurised
water scrubbing
Cost minimisation,
high CO
2 and Scapturing tendency,
less energy intensive,
enhanced energy
performance
–
Scholzet al. (2013)
and Sahota et al.
(2018)
(continued)
9 Recent Trends in Biogas Upgrading Technologies for Biomethane Production
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