An Enhanced Data-Analyses Method for the Graphical …
577
These sentences provide the ordained pair (D c ; D ct ) is positioned in a reticulate
on the Cartesian plane which forms four extremity vertices, as represented in Fig. 5.
For this analysis, the vertices’ limits were defined by the control-value of |0, 5|. The
vertices’ areas attribute the following logical values to the analyzed data: True (t),
False (f ), Inconsistent () or Indeterminate (⊥). Thus, the reliability of the data is
given through the position of the ordained pair (D c ; D ct ) in the Cartesian plane.
The Certainty Degree D c (horizontal axis) relates to the logical values of “truth”
and “falseness”, which reflects the level of agreement obtained in the Likert scale
questionnaires. Whilst, the Contradiction Degree D ct (vertical axis) assigns either
“Inconsistency” or “Indetermination” to the data obtained by the questionnaire;
Therefore, it is necessary that (D c ; D ct ) is not placed at the extreme states and
⊥ for the data to be considered reliable.
For the purpose of this research, the reliability was calculated separately to each
questionnaire for stem statements (1), (2) e (3). Initially a degree of belief µ1 and
disbelief µ2 was calculated for each questionnaire factor (categories A&R, E&R,
COp and COr), with the Likert scale responses. The agreement and disagreement
in responses are considered as favorable or unfavorable evidences (Sanches et al.
2011).
i. µ 1 = Agreement (Ap)/T otal number o f responses
ii. µ 2 = Disagreement (Dp)/T otal number o f responses
As µ1 e µ2 were defined for each factor/category data, it was then calculated a
resultant µ1R e µ2R for the full questionnaire data, through a four-factor diagram of
logical connectives for maximization OR and minimization AND (Fig. 6). Finally,
µ1R e µ2R were used to achieve the Certainty Degree D c and Contradiction Degree
D ct (Nicolino 2016), as referenced above.
Fig. 5 Representation of
PAL2v extreme logical states
in the Cartesian plane.
Source Nicolino (2016),
p. 77. Adapted from
Portuguese to English
577
These sentences provide the ordained pair (D c ; D ct ) is positioned in a reticulate
on the Cartesian plane which forms four extremity vertices, as represented in Fig. 5.
For this analysis, the vertices’ limits were defined by the control-value of |0, 5|. The
vertices’ areas attribute the following logical values to the analyzed data: True (t),
False (f ), Inconsistent () or Indeterminate (⊥). Thus, the reliability of the data is
given through the position of the ordained pair (D c ; D ct ) in the Cartesian plane.
The Certainty Degree D c (horizontal axis) relates to the logical values of “truth”
and “falseness”, which reflects the level of agreement obtained in the Likert scale
questionnaires. Whilst, the Contradiction Degree D ct (vertical axis) assigns either
“Inconsistency” or “Indetermination” to the data obtained by the questionnaire;
Therefore, it is necessary that (D c ; D ct ) is not placed at the extreme states and
⊥ for the data to be considered reliable.
For the purpose of this research, the reliability was calculated separately to each
questionnaire for stem statements (1), (2) e (3). Initially a degree of belief µ1 and
disbelief µ2 was calculated for each questionnaire factor (categories A&R, E&R,
COp and COr), with the Likert scale responses. The agreement and disagreement
in responses are considered as favorable or unfavorable evidences (Sanches et al.
2011).
i. µ 1 = Agreement (Ap)/T otal number o f responses
ii. µ 2 = Disagreement (Dp)/T otal number o f responses
As µ1 e µ2 were defined for each factor/category data, it was then calculated a
resultant µ1R e µ2R for the full questionnaire data, through a four-factor diagram of
logical connectives for maximization OR and minimization AND (Fig. 6). Finally,
µ1R e µ2R were used to achieve the Certainty Degree D c and Contradiction Degree
D ct (Nicolino 2016), as referenced above.
Fig. 5 Representation of
PAL2v extreme logical states
in the Cartesian plane.
Source Nicolino (2016),
p. 77. Adapted from
Portuguese to English