Brazilian Legal Time of Sustainable Development …
371
Even though such a constitutional text did not explicitly formulate a single and
clear commitment with sustainable development, there is certainly no doubts that
it has adopted a new conception of development for Brazil, which is multidimensional. Whatever the explanation, now development ought to be committed either
with non discrimination, decent work, education, social protection, public health.
Social insurance must reach urban and rural workers. Misery must be eradicated,
inequality must be reduced. As demonstrated above, development also need to be
suitable with the natural environment and urbanism. It is a constitutional text that
went even to the detail of setting minimum percentages of investments in health and
education for local, regional and national branches of the federation. Although Social
Security was not yet recognized as an individual right (again contradicting United
Nations Conventions adopted by Brazil), the Charter has established mechanisms for
social funding public policies upon minimum standards of social protection. Companies, employers, state and citizens are supposed to contribute to guarantee enough
of resources so as to cover social security of income, healthcare, extreme poverty as
well as situations of social vulnerability.
4 Philosophy of Discontinuity
Ever since 1946, Brazil has experimented 19 national development plans, whereas 8
of which were enacted under the current Constitution. All were made by particular
governments, so it is not weird that such plans express fractionated priorities of
the nation. In addition, they are short term plans because of their lasting of 4 years
long. Despite some policies are supposed to be realized in a coordinate way, none
of PPA have plain multilevel coordination involving local, regional and national
governments.
In 1990, the United Nations initiated a successful Human Development Program,
which adopted a new formula: it was taken in account the degree of realization of
health, education, income as well as equality, which has found Human Development
Index (HDI) as its statistical representation. In 2000, the Millennium Development
Goals (MDGs) were issued. The most ambitious plan for the realization of the very
core of basic human rights. Now, there would be goals and targets as well. For the first
time, a plan of action, with metrics, articulating a progressive achievement of vital and
existential minimum of human rights across the globe over a long period of 15 years.
In spite of the progresses with MDGs, in 2015 the Agenda 2030 unveil alarming
concerns with the Anthropocene: a new age of over occupation, exploration and
degradation of the planet. Following a similar method of gathering global consensus
for converging actions, a new momentum of challenging targets and goals have
arrived. Agenda 2030 represents a breakthrough in the political field because “it
arises from a broad debate in a context of democratic multilateralism, in which
governments and various social actors have actively participated, and because the
principle of common between countries, both in the environmental field and in the
economic and social spheres” (Cepal 2016, p. 15).
371
Even though such a constitutional text did not explicitly formulate a single and
clear commitment with sustainable development, there is certainly no doubts that
it has adopted a new conception of development for Brazil, which is multidimensional. Whatever the explanation, now development ought to be committed either
with non discrimination, decent work, education, social protection, public health.
Social insurance must reach urban and rural workers. Misery must be eradicated,
inequality must be reduced. As demonstrated above, development also need to be
suitable with the natural environment and urbanism. It is a constitutional text that
went even to the detail of setting minimum percentages of investments in health and
education for local, regional and national branches of the federation. Although Social
Security was not yet recognized as an individual right (again contradicting United
Nations Conventions adopted by Brazil), the Charter has established mechanisms for
social funding public policies upon minimum standards of social protection. Companies, employers, state and citizens are supposed to contribute to guarantee enough
of resources so as to cover social security of income, healthcare, extreme poverty as
well as situations of social vulnerability.
4 Philosophy of Discontinuity
Ever since 1946, Brazil has experimented 19 national development plans, whereas 8
of which were enacted under the current Constitution. All were made by particular
governments, so it is not weird that such plans express fractionated priorities of
the nation. In addition, they are short term plans because of their lasting of 4 years
long. Despite some policies are supposed to be realized in a coordinate way, none
of PPA have plain multilevel coordination involving local, regional and national
governments.
In 1990, the United Nations initiated a successful Human Development Program,
which adopted a new formula: it was taken in account the degree of realization of
health, education, income as well as equality, which has found Human Development
Index (HDI) as its statistical representation. In 2000, the Millennium Development
Goals (MDGs) were issued. The most ambitious plan for the realization of the very
core of basic human rights. Now, there would be goals and targets as well. For the first
time, a plan of action, with metrics, articulating a progressive achievement of vital and
existential minimum of human rights across the globe over a long period of 15 years.
In spite of the progresses with MDGs, in 2015 the Agenda 2030 unveil alarming
concerns with the Anthropocene: a new age of over occupation, exploration and
degradation of the planet. Following a similar method of gathering global consensus
for converging actions, a new momentum of challenging targets and goals have
arrived. Agenda 2030 represents a breakthrough in the political field because “it
arises from a broad debate in a context of democratic multilateralism, in which
governments and various social actors have actively participated, and because the
principle of common between countries, both in the environmental field and in the
economic and social spheres” (Cepal 2016, p. 15).