Oh YJ, Song H, Shin WS, Choi SJ, Kim Y-H (2007) Effect of amorphous silica and silica sand on
removal of chromium(VI) by zero-valent iron. Chemosphere 66(5):858–865. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.chemosphere.2006.06.034
O’Hara S, Krug T, Quinn J, Clausen C, Geiger C (2006) Field and laboratory evaluation of the
treatment of DNAPL source zones using emulsified zero-valent iron. Remediat J 16(2):35–56.
https://doi.org/10.1002/rem.20080
Olson MR, Sale TC, Shackelford CD, Bozzini C, Skeean J (2012) Chlorinated solvent source-zone
remediation via ZVI-clay soil mixing: 1-year results. Groundwater Monit Remediat 32
(3):63–74. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2011.01391.x
Oprčkal P, Mladenovič A, Vidmar J, Mauko Pranjić A, Milačič R, Ščančar J (2017) Critical
evaluation of the use of different nanoscale zero-valent iron particles for the treatment of effluent
water from a small biological wastewater treatment plant. Chem Eng J 321:20–30. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.03.104
Panagos P, Van Liedekerke M, Yigini Y, Montanarella L (2013) Contaminated sites in Europe:
review of the current situation based on data collected through a European network. J Environ
Public Health 2013:158764. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/158764
Petala E, Dimos K, Douvalis A, Bakas T, Tucek J, Zbořil R, Karakassides MA (2013) Nanoscale
zero-valent iron supported on mesoporous silica: characterization and reactivity for Cr
(VI) removal from aqueous solution. J Hazard Mater 261:295–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
jhazmat.2013.07.046
Petala E, Baikousi M, Karakassides MA, Zoppellaro G, Filip J, Tuček J, Vasilopoulos KC,
Pechoušek J, Zbořil R (2016) Synthesis, physical properties and application of the zero-valent
iron/titanium dioxide heterocomposite having high activity for the sustainable photocatalytic
removal of hexavalent chromium in water. Phys Chem Chem Phys 18(15):10637–10646.
https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CP01013J
Phenrat T, Lowry GV (eds) (2019) Nanoscale zerovalent iron particles for environmental restoration: from fundamental science to field scale engineering applications, 1st edn. Springer, Cham.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95340-3
Phenrat T, Saleh N, Sirk K, Tilton RD, Lowry GV (2007) Aggregation and sedimentation of
aqueous nanoscale zerovalent iron dispersions. Environ Sci Technol 41(1):284–290. https://doi.
org/10.1021/es061349a
Phenrat T, Saleh N, Sirk K, Kim H-J, Tilton RD, Lowry GV (2008) Stabilization of aqueous
nanoscale zerovalent iron dispersions by anionic polyelectrolytes: adsorbed anionic polyelectrolyte layer properties and their effect on aggregation and sedimentation. J Nanopart Res 10
(5):795–814. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-007-9315-6
Phenrat T, Kim H-J, Fagerlund F, Illangasekare T, Tilton RD, Lowry GV (2009) Particle size
distribution, concentration, and magnetic attraction affect transport of polymer-modified Fe
0
nanoparticles in sand columns. Environ Sci Technol 43(13):5079–5085. https://doi.org/10.
1021/es900171v
Ponder SM, Darab JG, Mallouk TE (2000) Remediation of Cr(VI) and Pb(II) aqueous solutions
using supported, nanoscale zero-valent iron. Environ Sci Technol 34(12):2564–2569. https://
doi.org/10.1021/es9911420
Ponder SM, Darab JG, Bucher J, Caulder D, Craig I, Davis L, Edelstein N, Lukens W, Nitsche H,
Rao L, Shuh DK, Mallouk TE (2001) Surface chemistry and electrochemistry of supported
zerovalent iron nanoparticles in the remediation of aqueous metal contaminants. Chem Mater 13
(2):479–486. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm000288r
Qiu X, Fang Z, Liang B, Gu F, Xu Z (2011) Degradation of decabromodiphenyl ether by nano zerovalent iron immobilized in mesoporous silica microspheres. J Hazard Mater 193:70–81. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.07.024
Quinn J, Geiger C, Clausen C, Brooks K, Coon C, O’Hara S, Krug T, Major D, Yoon W-S,
Gavaskar A, Holdsworth T (2005) Field demonstration of DNAPL dehalogenation using
emulsified zero-valent iron. Environ Sci Technol 39(5):1309–1318. https://doi.org/10.1021/
es0490018
2 Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Particles for Water Treatment: From Basic. . .
49
removal of chromium(VI) by zero-valent iron. Chemosphere 66(5):858–865. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.chemosphere.2006.06.034
O’Hara S, Krug T, Quinn J, Clausen C, Geiger C (2006) Field and laboratory evaluation of the
treatment of DNAPL source zones using emulsified zero-valent iron. Remediat J 16(2):35–56.
https://doi.org/10.1002/rem.20080
Olson MR, Sale TC, Shackelford CD, Bozzini C, Skeean J (2012) Chlorinated solvent source-zone
remediation via ZVI-clay soil mixing: 1-year results. Groundwater Monit Remediat 32
(3):63–74. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6592.2011.01391.x
Oprčkal P, Mladenovič A, Vidmar J, Mauko Pranjić A, Milačič R, Ščančar J (2017) Critical
evaluation of the use of different nanoscale zero-valent iron particles for the treatment of effluent
water from a small biological wastewater treatment plant. Chem Eng J 321:20–30. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.03.104
Panagos P, Van Liedekerke M, Yigini Y, Montanarella L (2013) Contaminated sites in Europe:
review of the current situation based on data collected through a European network. J Environ
Public Health 2013:158764. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/158764
Petala E, Dimos K, Douvalis A, Bakas T, Tucek J, Zbořil R, Karakassides MA (2013) Nanoscale
zero-valent iron supported on mesoporous silica: characterization and reactivity for Cr
(VI) removal from aqueous solution. J Hazard Mater 261:295–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
jhazmat.2013.07.046
Petala E, Baikousi M, Karakassides MA, Zoppellaro G, Filip J, Tuček J, Vasilopoulos KC,
Pechoušek J, Zbořil R (2016) Synthesis, physical properties and application of the zero-valent
iron/titanium dioxide heterocomposite having high activity for the sustainable photocatalytic
removal of hexavalent chromium in water. Phys Chem Chem Phys 18(15):10637–10646.
https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CP01013J
Phenrat T, Lowry GV (eds) (2019) Nanoscale zerovalent iron particles for environmental restoration: from fundamental science to field scale engineering applications, 1st edn. Springer, Cham.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95340-3
Phenrat T, Saleh N, Sirk K, Tilton RD, Lowry GV (2007) Aggregation and sedimentation of
aqueous nanoscale zerovalent iron dispersions. Environ Sci Technol 41(1):284–290. https://doi.
org/10.1021/es061349a
Phenrat T, Saleh N, Sirk K, Kim H-J, Tilton RD, Lowry GV (2008) Stabilization of aqueous
nanoscale zerovalent iron dispersions by anionic polyelectrolytes: adsorbed anionic polyelectrolyte layer properties and their effect on aggregation and sedimentation. J Nanopart Res 10
(5):795–814. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-007-9315-6
Phenrat T, Kim H-J, Fagerlund F, Illangasekare T, Tilton RD, Lowry GV (2009) Particle size
distribution, concentration, and magnetic attraction affect transport of polymer-modified Fe
0
nanoparticles in sand columns. Environ Sci Technol 43(13):5079–5085. https://doi.org/10.
1021/es900171v
Ponder SM, Darab JG, Mallouk TE (2000) Remediation of Cr(VI) and Pb(II) aqueous solutions
using supported, nanoscale zero-valent iron. Environ Sci Technol 34(12):2564–2569. https://
doi.org/10.1021/es9911420
Ponder SM, Darab JG, Bucher J, Caulder D, Craig I, Davis L, Edelstein N, Lukens W, Nitsche H,
Rao L, Shuh DK, Mallouk TE (2001) Surface chemistry and electrochemistry of supported
zerovalent iron nanoparticles in the remediation of aqueous metal contaminants. Chem Mater 13
(2):479–486. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm000288r
Qiu X, Fang Z, Liang B, Gu F, Xu Z (2011) Degradation of decabromodiphenyl ether by nano zerovalent iron immobilized in mesoporous silica microspheres. J Hazard Mater 193:70–81. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.07.024
Quinn J, Geiger C, Clausen C, Brooks K, Coon C, O’Hara S, Krug T, Major D, Yoon W-S,
Gavaskar A, Holdsworth T (2005) Field demonstration of DNAPL dehalogenation using
emulsified zero-valent iron. Environ Sci Technol 39(5):1309–1318. https://doi.org/10.1021/
es0490018
2 Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Particles for Water Treatment: From Basic. . .
49