mimics the behavior of tongue which could be exploited for on-site water quality
analysis. Each of the heavy metal ions is identified from their unique fluorescence
colour upon irradiation with a UV lamp. The fluorescence dyes utilized in the study
include (i) picolinium dyes fluoresces between 530 and 600 nm depending on the
interaction with the heavy metal ions (ii) Quinolinium dye intrinsically fluoresces at
580 nm and can be shifted between 560 and 600 nm (iii) BODIPY dye fluoresces at
longer wavelengths between 600 and 630 nm. Kassal et al. [67] reported the
development of a wireless fluorimeter system which finds huge scope in various
fields including sensor internet of things (IoT), wearable sensors and point of care
diagnostics [67]. The designed wireless fluorimeter was explored for detection of
sweat chloride which is a vital parameter for the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. The
system showed a detection limit of 1.11 mM of chloride and the efficiency of the
system for chloride sensing was evaluated using standard fluorimetry in solution as
well as paper test strips. A Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) device for on-site water quality
analysis employing electrochemical/optical dual transduction mechanism was
developed [68]. The design of the LOC device involved fabricating and integrating
microfluidic multi-channels, optoelectornics (consisting of OLEDs and organic
photodetectors) and electrochemical microcells and optimized for on-site analysis.
The LOC device was explored for detection of pesticides and in particular, effect of
diuron herbicide on the photosynthesis of algae. Diuron, a model pollutant known
to enhance algae fluorescence was exploited for on-site detection of pollutants in
water resources.
A paper based electrochemical biosensor for the detection of E. coli present in
water was built with a detection limit as low as 10 CFU/ml [69]. Thale et al. [70]
reported the application of BTA loaded silica gel for real time detection of fluoride
from the visual color changes [70]. A lateral flow immunoassay paper strips for
detection of cadmium in water samples was reported with a detection limit of
0.4 ppb [71].
5 Concluding Remarks
Fluorescent chemosensors are proven to be a potent material for the detection of
water pollutants. Sensitive and real time monitoring of water pollutants could be
made possible by focusing on development of portable fluorimeters. Fluorescent
chemosensors for sensitive detection of trace level contaminants is achieved
through simple IFE based sensing assays by exploiting fluorescent nanoparticles. In
combination with the advances in novel material synthesis, the challenges in
selecting suitable fluorophore/absorber pair in IFE sensing for ultrasensitive
detection of water pollutants could be facilitated.
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A. Gowri and A. Kathiravan
analysis. Each of the heavy metal ions is identified from their unique fluorescence
colour upon irradiation with a UV lamp. The fluorescence dyes utilized in the study
include (i) picolinium dyes fluoresces between 530 and 600 nm depending on the
interaction with the heavy metal ions (ii) Quinolinium dye intrinsically fluoresces at
580 nm and can be shifted between 560 and 600 nm (iii) BODIPY dye fluoresces at
longer wavelengths between 600 and 630 nm. Kassal et al. [67] reported the
development of a wireless fluorimeter system which finds huge scope in various
fields including sensor internet of things (IoT), wearable sensors and point of care
diagnostics [67]. The designed wireless fluorimeter was explored for detection of
sweat chloride which is a vital parameter for the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. The
system showed a detection limit of 1.11 mM of chloride and the efficiency of the
system for chloride sensing was evaluated using standard fluorimetry in solution as
well as paper test strips. A Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) device for on-site water quality
analysis employing electrochemical/optical dual transduction mechanism was
developed [68]. The design of the LOC device involved fabricating and integrating
microfluidic multi-channels, optoelectornics (consisting of OLEDs and organic
photodetectors) and electrochemical microcells and optimized for on-site analysis.
The LOC device was explored for detection of pesticides and in particular, effect of
diuron herbicide on the photosynthesis of algae. Diuron, a model pollutant known
to enhance algae fluorescence was exploited for on-site detection of pollutants in
water resources.
A paper based electrochemical biosensor for the detection of E. coli present in
water was built with a detection limit as low as 10 CFU/ml [69]. Thale et al. [70]
reported the application of BTA loaded silica gel for real time detection of fluoride
from the visual color changes [70]. A lateral flow immunoassay paper strips for
detection of cadmium in water samples was reported with a detection limit of
0.4 ppb [71].
5 Concluding Remarks
Fluorescent chemosensors are proven to be a potent material for the detection of
water pollutants. Sensitive and real time monitoring of water pollutants could be
made possible by focusing on development of portable fluorimeters. Fluorescent
chemosensors for sensitive detection of trace level contaminants is achieved
through simple IFE based sensing assays by exploiting fluorescent nanoparticles. In
combination with the advances in novel material synthesis, the challenges in
selecting suitable fluorophore/absorber pair in IFE sensing for ultrasensitive
detection of water pollutants could be facilitated.
156
A. Gowri and A. Kathiravan