reagents, including those required for sample pre-treatment [33]. Additionally,
Merck’s colorimetric and titrimetric test kits are especially suited for the analysis of
drinking water, ground water, clean water and mineral water as well as in water
production. Each test kit pack contains all reagents necessary for the test with
high-quality and brilliant colour cards decisively simplify the allocation of the
samples to the stated values. In the titration tests the sample is titrated until the
colour changes. The concentration of the tested parameter is determined by the
number of drops consumed to the turning point or the scalar value read off from a
pipette. For performing the colorimetric tests a colour reaction is produced by
adding reagents to the sample solution. The special feature of these test kits range
lies in the measurement of low concentrations down to the ppb range [34].
Likewise, Hanna Instruments launched colorimetric chemical (CC) test kits
namely, phosphate test kit (HI3833), bromine test kit (HI3830), ammonia test kit
(HI3824), chlorine test kit (HI3831F), nitrite test kit (HI3873), nitrate test kit
(HI3874) and copper test kit (HI3847) [35]. The HI3833 is a CC test kit that uses
the ascorbic acid method to measure phosphate in water. The colour change
determines the presence of phosphate. The HI3830 is a CC test kit that determines
the bromine concentration in samples within a 0 to 3 ppm bromine range. The
HI3830 is supplied with all of the necessary reagents and equipment to perform the
analysis. The HI3824 is a CC test kit that uses Nessler reagent to measure ammonia
in fresh water within a 0.0 to 2.5 ppm range. The HI3831F determines the free
chlorine concentration within a 0.0 to 2.5 ppm range by employing the DPD
method. The HI3873 uses the chromotropic acid method to measure nitrite within a
0.0 to 1.0 ppm range. The HI3874 uses the cadmium reduction method to measure
nitrate within a 0 to 50 ppm range. The HI3847 uses the bicinchoninate method to
measure copper within a 0–2.5 ppm range [35].
Similarly, Elabscience launched Urea Colorimetric Assay Kit to measure the
concentration of main water-pollutant, urea, in water resources, serum, plasma and
urine [36]. This kit uses the strong diacetyl oxime-urea chemistry. In the presence
of urea, diacetyl oxime form red diazine compound. The gradient of red diazine
colour is relational to the concentration of urea [36].
Also, Heavy Metal Test kit, from Vitality Plus Australia, is a home testing kit for
checking heavy metals in both urine, saliva, and liquids. Easy to use it will detect
the presence of ionic metals in the liquid solutions tested. This is an economical
way to see what under the naked eye cannot see from water (bore water, tap water,
and tank water), urine, and saliva. The testing kit can also be used to detect the
presence of heavy metals (mercury, lead, cadmium, chromium and thallium) in
other complicated media like paint, foods, makeup, skin care, etc. [37].
Likewise, Libelium, a reputed company of Spain, launched Waspmote Smart
Water, a smart water wireless sensor platform to abridge remote water quality
monitoring [38]. Furnished with multiple sensors that measure the most relevant
water quality parameters, Waspmote Smart Water is the water quality-sensing
platform to feature autonomous nodes that connect to the cloud for real-time water
control. This platform is an ultra-low-power water-pollutant sensor designed for use
in rugged environments to detect changes and potential risk to public health in real
Materials in Colorimetric Detection of Water Pollutants
141
Merck’s colorimetric and titrimetric test kits are especially suited for the analysis of
drinking water, ground water, clean water and mineral water as well as in water
production. Each test kit pack contains all reagents necessary for the test with
high-quality and brilliant colour cards decisively simplify the allocation of the
samples to the stated values. In the titration tests the sample is titrated until the
colour changes. The concentration of the tested parameter is determined by the
number of drops consumed to the turning point or the scalar value read off from a
pipette. For performing the colorimetric tests a colour reaction is produced by
adding reagents to the sample solution. The special feature of these test kits range
lies in the measurement of low concentrations down to the ppb range [34].
Likewise, Hanna Instruments launched colorimetric chemical (CC) test kits
namely, phosphate test kit (HI3833), bromine test kit (HI3830), ammonia test kit
(HI3824), chlorine test kit (HI3831F), nitrite test kit (HI3873), nitrate test kit
(HI3874) and copper test kit (HI3847) [35]. The HI3833 is a CC test kit that uses
the ascorbic acid method to measure phosphate in water. The colour change
determines the presence of phosphate. The HI3830 is a CC test kit that determines
the bromine concentration in samples within a 0 to 3 ppm bromine range. The
HI3830 is supplied with all of the necessary reagents and equipment to perform the
analysis. The HI3824 is a CC test kit that uses Nessler reagent to measure ammonia
in fresh water within a 0.0 to 2.5 ppm range. The HI3831F determines the free
chlorine concentration within a 0.0 to 2.5 ppm range by employing the DPD
method. The HI3873 uses the chromotropic acid method to measure nitrite within a
0.0 to 1.0 ppm range. The HI3874 uses the cadmium reduction method to measure
nitrate within a 0 to 50 ppm range. The HI3847 uses the bicinchoninate method to
measure copper within a 0–2.5 ppm range [35].
Similarly, Elabscience launched Urea Colorimetric Assay Kit to measure the
concentration of main water-pollutant, urea, in water resources, serum, plasma and
urine [36]. This kit uses the strong diacetyl oxime-urea chemistry. In the presence
of urea, diacetyl oxime form red diazine compound. The gradient of red diazine
colour is relational to the concentration of urea [36].
Also, Heavy Metal Test kit, from Vitality Plus Australia, is a home testing kit for
checking heavy metals in both urine, saliva, and liquids. Easy to use it will detect
the presence of ionic metals in the liquid solutions tested. This is an economical
way to see what under the naked eye cannot see from water (bore water, tap water,
and tank water), urine, and saliva. The testing kit can also be used to detect the
presence of heavy metals (mercury, lead, cadmium, chromium and thallium) in
other complicated media like paint, foods, makeup, skin care, etc. [37].
Likewise, Libelium, a reputed company of Spain, launched Waspmote Smart
Water, a smart water wireless sensor platform to abridge remote water quality
monitoring [38]. Furnished with multiple sensors that measure the most relevant
water quality parameters, Waspmote Smart Water is the water quality-sensing
platform to feature autonomous nodes that connect to the cloud for real-time water
control. This platform is an ultra-low-power water-pollutant sensor designed for use
in rugged environments to detect changes and potential risk to public health in real
Materials in Colorimetric Detection of Water Pollutants
141