time. It is suitable for potable water monitoring, chemical leakage detection in
rivers, remote measurement of swimming pools and spas, and levels of seawater
pollution. The water quality parameters measured include pH, dissolved oxygen
(DO), oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), conductivity (salinity), turbidity, temperature and dissolved ions (fluoride, calcium, nitrate, chloride, iodide, cupric,
bromide, silver, fluoroborate, ammonia, lithium, magnesium, nitrite, perchlorate,
potassium and sodium [38].
Likewise, SenSafe
®
Water Metals Check, from Industrial water systems,
determines the presence of heavy metals (cadmium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead,
mercury, nickel and zinc) present in water. This quick test uses a very sensitive
non-specific indicator that detects many common heavy metals with detection limits
to <10 ppb. This test is a screening tool and does not specify levels of each metal
present [39].
Additionally, Cole Parmer launched NECi Colorimetric Nitrate Water Test Kit,
for nitrate testing without the use of cadmium, a toxic heavy metal and known
carcinogen. This kit uses the naturally occurring enzyme called nitrate reductase
which safely measures nitrate within 0.5–10.0 ppm range by giving a colorimetric
change in water samples [40].
Likewise, TotalCARE Heavy Metal Screen Test, from MicroWaterman, is a
semi-quantitative, rapid, and user friendly test kit for the analysis of free zinc,
copper, lead, mercury, cadmium, nickel, cobalt and manganese ions in the urine,
saliva, water, etc. Any color change deviating from green to purple, pink, beige, red
determines high heavy metal concentration (3–5 ppm) viewed directly below the
surface level of the test tube represents the presence of heavy metal ions [41].
Furthermore, CHEMetrics launched Iron Test Kit, to measure the concentration
of iron in water samples by using phenanthroline-colorimetric method. This kit uses
1,10-phenanthroline which securely measures iron within 1–10.0 ppm range by
giving a colorimetric change in water samples. In the presence of iron, the reagent
1,10-phenanthroline forms an orange-coloured chelate [42].
An another kit namely, Generic Heavy Metal Detector, (GHM-01), from
Appealing Products, Inc., is developed to easily and rapidly detect common heavy
metals (lead, thallium, mercury, cadmium, iron, nickel and zinc) in water and urine
samples. The test kit consists of detection tube, testing paper and colour charts.
A reference color chart is provided for interpreting the test results. The operating
procedural steps include to simply add the detection tube to the vial, then add
sample, shake for 30–40 s and allow the liquid to separate. Once the liquid gets
separated into two phases, observe at the color formed on the top phase and
compare it to the reference color chart [43].
The eXact iDip
®
Smart Photometer System
® , from Industrial Test Systems, Inc.,
is the first patented and handheld photometer to provide 2–way communication
with a Bluetooth® Smart (4.0) ready Apple or Android smartphone/tablet for the
detection of cadmium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, mercury, nickel, and zinc in water.
The eXact iDip® photometer is waterproof (IP67) and has a permanent built-in
142
R. Jain et al.
rivers, remote measurement of swimming pools and spas, and levels of seawater
pollution. The water quality parameters measured include pH, dissolved oxygen
(DO), oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), conductivity (salinity), turbidity, temperature and dissolved ions (fluoride, calcium, nitrate, chloride, iodide, cupric,
bromide, silver, fluoroborate, ammonia, lithium, magnesium, nitrite, perchlorate,
potassium and sodium [38].
Likewise, SenSafe
®
Water Metals Check, from Industrial water systems,
determines the presence of heavy metals (cadmium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead,
mercury, nickel and zinc) present in water. This quick test uses a very sensitive
non-specific indicator that detects many common heavy metals with detection limits
to <10 ppb. This test is a screening tool and does not specify levels of each metal
present [39].
Additionally, Cole Parmer launched NECi Colorimetric Nitrate Water Test Kit,
for nitrate testing without the use of cadmium, a toxic heavy metal and known
carcinogen. This kit uses the naturally occurring enzyme called nitrate reductase
which safely measures nitrate within 0.5–10.0 ppm range by giving a colorimetric
change in water samples [40].
Likewise, TotalCARE Heavy Metal Screen Test, from MicroWaterman, is a
semi-quantitative, rapid, and user friendly test kit for the analysis of free zinc,
copper, lead, mercury, cadmium, nickel, cobalt and manganese ions in the urine,
saliva, water, etc. Any color change deviating from green to purple, pink, beige, red
determines high heavy metal concentration (3–5 ppm) viewed directly below the
surface level of the test tube represents the presence of heavy metal ions [41].
Furthermore, CHEMetrics launched Iron Test Kit, to measure the concentration
of iron in water samples by using phenanthroline-colorimetric method. This kit uses
1,10-phenanthroline which securely measures iron within 1–10.0 ppm range by
giving a colorimetric change in water samples. In the presence of iron, the reagent
1,10-phenanthroline forms an orange-coloured chelate [42].
An another kit namely, Generic Heavy Metal Detector, (GHM-01), from
Appealing Products, Inc., is developed to easily and rapidly detect common heavy
metals (lead, thallium, mercury, cadmium, iron, nickel and zinc) in water and urine
samples. The test kit consists of detection tube, testing paper and colour charts.
A reference color chart is provided for interpreting the test results. The operating
procedural steps include to simply add the detection tube to the vial, then add
sample, shake for 30–40 s and allow the liquid to separate. Once the liquid gets
separated into two phases, observe at the color formed on the top phase and
compare it to the reference color chart [43].
The eXact iDip
®
Smart Photometer System
® , from Industrial Test Systems, Inc.,
is the first patented and handheld photometer to provide 2–way communication
with a Bluetooth® Smart (4.0) ready Apple or Android smartphone/tablet for the
detection of cadmium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, mercury, nickel, and zinc in water.
The eXact iDip® photometer is waterproof (IP67) and has a permanent built-in
142
R. Jain et al.