196
7.5 Conclusions
Glycerol dry reforming has become one of the promising routes for the syngas production. However, most of the reforming processes involve glycerol as the feedstock experiencing severe catalyst deactivation through the carbon deposition.
Throughout the years, a good progress has been made to improve the glycerol dry
reforming process, and it is clearly notable that few researches have successfully
reduced the coking problems. These researches discover various potential catalysts
that can be used to improve the process. Apparently, the addition of noble metal
catalysts, i.e., Rh as the promoter, has proven to significantly reduce the carbon
deposition and produces high syngas yield and glycerol conversion. The type of
support does give influence on the performance of the catalyst especially in reducing the coking effect. Therefore, future development of carbon-resistance catalyst
could potentially give significant impact to the yield and conversion of glycerol dry
reforming. Apart from that, there is still lack of knowledge on the kinetics and
mechanism of the glycerol dry reforming reaction. Thus, this scope of study could
be an attractive area to be explored in the future.
Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank the Ministry of Education (MOE) for awarding the FRGS research grants (FRGS/1/2019/TK10/UMP/02/13, FRGS/1/2018/TK02/UMP/02/12
and FRGS/1/2017/TK02/UMP/02/18) and Universiti Malaysia Pahang for the financial support
(RDU1803118, RDU1803184).
References
Balat M (2009) Global status of biomass energy use. Energy Sources Part A Recover Util Environ
Eff 31:1160–1173. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567030801952201
Bulutoglu SP, Say Z, Bac S, Ozensoy E, Avci AK (2018) Dry reforming of glycerol over Rh-based
ceria and zirconia catalysts: new insights on catalyst activity and stability. Appl Catal A Gen
564:157–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2018.07.027
Chakik FE, Kaddami M, Mikou M (2017) Effect of operating parameters on hydrogen production by electrolysis of water. Int J Hydrog Energy 42:25550–25557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
ijhydene.2017.07.015
Charisiou ND, Papageridis KN, Siakavelas G, Tzounis L, Kousi K (2017) Glycerol steam reforming for hydrogen production over nickel supported on alumina, zirconia and silica catalysts.
Top Catal 60:1226–1250. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-017-0796-y
Demsash HD, Kondamudi KVK, Upadhyayula S, Mohan R (2018) Ruthenium doped nickelalumina- ceria catalyst in glycerol steam reforming. Fuel Process Technol 169:150–156. https://
doi.org/10.1016/J.FUPROC.2017.09.017
Department of Economic and Social Affairs of United Nation (2015) World population projected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050. (Online) http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/news/
population/2015-report.html. (12 November 2015)
Fernández Y, Arenillas A, Bermúdez JM, Menéndez JA (2010) Comparative study of conventional
and microwave-assisted pyrolysis, steam and dry reforming of glycerol for syngas production,
using a carbonaceous catalyst. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 88:155–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
jaap.2010.03.009
S. Z. Abidin et al.
7.5 Conclusions
Glycerol dry reforming has become one of the promising routes for the syngas production. However, most of the reforming processes involve glycerol as the feedstock experiencing severe catalyst deactivation through the carbon deposition.
Throughout the years, a good progress has been made to improve the glycerol dry
reforming process, and it is clearly notable that few researches have successfully
reduced the coking problems. These researches discover various potential catalysts
that can be used to improve the process. Apparently, the addition of noble metal
catalysts, i.e., Rh as the promoter, has proven to significantly reduce the carbon
deposition and produces high syngas yield and glycerol conversion. The type of
support does give influence on the performance of the catalyst especially in reducing the coking effect. Therefore, future development of carbon-resistance catalyst
could potentially give significant impact to the yield and conversion of glycerol dry
reforming. Apart from that, there is still lack of knowledge on the kinetics and
mechanism of the glycerol dry reforming reaction. Thus, this scope of study could
be an attractive area to be explored in the future.
Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank the Ministry of Education (MOE) for awarding the FRGS research grants (FRGS/1/2019/TK10/UMP/02/13, FRGS/1/2018/TK02/UMP/02/12
and FRGS/1/2017/TK02/UMP/02/18) and Universiti Malaysia Pahang for the financial support
(RDU1803118, RDU1803184).
References
Balat M (2009) Global status of biomass energy use. Energy Sources Part A Recover Util Environ
Eff 31:1160–1173. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567030801952201
Bulutoglu SP, Say Z, Bac S, Ozensoy E, Avci AK (2018) Dry reforming of glycerol over Rh-based
ceria and zirconia catalysts: new insights on catalyst activity and stability. Appl Catal A Gen
564:157–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2018.07.027
Chakik FE, Kaddami M, Mikou M (2017) Effect of operating parameters on hydrogen production by electrolysis of water. Int J Hydrog Energy 42:25550–25557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
ijhydene.2017.07.015
Charisiou ND, Papageridis KN, Siakavelas G, Tzounis L, Kousi K (2017) Glycerol steam reforming for hydrogen production over nickel supported on alumina, zirconia and silica catalysts.
Top Catal 60:1226–1250. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11244-017-0796-y
Demsash HD, Kondamudi KVK, Upadhyayula S, Mohan R (2018) Ruthenium doped nickelalumina- ceria catalyst in glycerol steam reforming. Fuel Process Technol 169:150–156. https://
doi.org/10.1016/J.FUPROC.2017.09.017
Department of Economic and Social Affairs of United Nation (2015) World population projected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050. (Online) http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/news/
population/2015-report.html. (12 November 2015)
Fernández Y, Arenillas A, Bermúdez JM, Menéndez JA (2010) Comparative study of conventional
and microwave-assisted pyrolysis, steam and dry reforming of glycerol for syngas production,
using a carbonaceous catalyst. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 88:155–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
jaap.2010.03.009
S. Z. Abidin et al.