108
Mrozek MF, Luo H, Weaver MJ (2000) Formic acid Electrooxidation on platinum-group metals:
is adsorbed carbon monoxide solely a catalytic poison? Langmuir 16(22):8463–8469. https://
doi.org/10.1021/la000760n
Murata A, Hori Y (1991) Product selectivity affected by cationic species in electrochemical reduction of CO 2 and CO at a cu electrode. Bull Chem Soc Jpn 64:123. https://doi.org/10.1246/
bcsj.64.123
Nakada A, Koike K, Nakashima T, Morimoto T, Ishitani O (2015) Photocatalytic CO 2 reduction to
formic acid using a Ru(II)−Re(I) supramolecular complex in an aqueous solution. Inorg Chem
54:1800–1807. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic502707t
Navalon S, Dhakshinamoorthy A, Alvaro M, Garcia H (2013) Photocatalytic CO2 reduction using
non-titanium metal oxides and sulfides. ChemSusChem 6:562–577. https://doi.org/10.1002/
cssc.201200670
Park S, Xie Y, Weaver MJ (2002) Electrocatalytic pathways on carbon-supported platinum
nanoparticles: comparison of particle-size-dependent rates of methanol, formic acid, and formaldehyde electrooxidation. Langmuir 18:5792–5798. https://doi.org/10.1021/la0200459
Phillips KR, Yu K, Hwang J, Yang S-H (2018) Sulfide-derived copper for electrochemical conversion of CO 2 to formic acid. J Phys Chem Lett 9:4407–4412. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.
jpclett.8b01601
Princiotta F (2011) Global climate change-the technology challenge. Springer, Dordrecht, p 420
Qin G, Zhang Y, XuebinKe XT, Sun Z, Mao L, Xue S (2013) Photocatalytic reduction of carbon
dioxide to formic acid, formaldehyde, and methanol using dye-sensitized TiO 2 film. Appl Catal
B Environ 129:599–605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2012.10.012
Reda T, Plugge CM, Abram NJ, Hirst J (2008) Reversible interconversion of carbon dioxide and
formate by an electroactive enzyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci India Sect A 105:10654–10658.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0801290105
Reutemann W, Kieczka H (2016) Formic acid. In: Ullmann’s encyclopedia of industrial chemistry. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. https://doi.org/10.1002/14356007.
a12_013.pub3
Rice S, Ha R, Masel I, Waszczuk P, Wieckowski A, Barnard T (2002) Direct formic acid fuel cells.
J Power Sources 111:83–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7753(02)00271-9
Rohmann K, Kothe J, Haenel MW, Englert U, Holscher M, Leitner W (2016) Hydrogenation of
CO 2 to formic acid with a highly active ruthenium acriphos complex in DMSO and DMSO/
water. Angew Chem Int Ed 55:8966–8969. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201603878
Rosen A, Salehi-Khojin A, Thorson MR, Zhu W, Whipple DT, Kenis PJA, Masel RI (2011) Ionic
liquid–mediated selective conversion of CO 2 to CO at low overpotentials. Science 334:643–
644. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1209786
Rosenthal J, Bachman J, Dempsey JL, Esswein AJ, Gray TG, Hodgkiss JM, Manke DR, Luckett
TD, Pistorio BJ, Veige AS (2005) Oxygen and hydrogen photocatalysis by two-electron mixedvalence coordination compounds. Coord Chem Rev 249:1316–1326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
ccr.2005.03.034
Scheffer M, Carpenter SR (2003) Catastrophic regime shifts in ecosystems: linking theory to
observation. Trends Ecol Evol 18:648–656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2003.09.002
Schlesinger WH, Reynolds JF, Cunningham GL (1990) Biological feedbacks in global desertification. Science 247:1043–1048. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.247.4946.1043
Scott M, Molinos BB, Westhues C, Francik G, Leitner W (2017) Aqueous biphasic systems for the
synthesis of formates by catalytic CO 2 hydrogenation: integrated reaction and catalyst separation for CO 2 -scrubbing solutions. ChemSusChem 10:1085–1093. https://doi.org/10.1002/
cssc.201601814
SET-Plan (2011) Technology map of the European Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan),
3rd edn. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Energy and Transport; ©
European Union, Luxembourg
Solomon S, Daniel JS, Sanford TJ, Murphy DM, Plattner GK, Knutti R, Friedlingstein P (2010)
Persistence of climate changes due to a range of greenhouse gases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
107:18354–1835\. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1006282107
U. Fegade and G. Jethave
Mrozek MF, Luo H, Weaver MJ (2000) Formic acid Electrooxidation on platinum-group metals:
is adsorbed carbon monoxide solely a catalytic poison? Langmuir 16(22):8463–8469. https://
doi.org/10.1021/la000760n
Murata A, Hori Y (1991) Product selectivity affected by cationic species in electrochemical reduction of CO 2 and CO at a cu electrode. Bull Chem Soc Jpn 64:123. https://doi.org/10.1246/
bcsj.64.123
Nakada A, Koike K, Nakashima T, Morimoto T, Ishitani O (2015) Photocatalytic CO 2 reduction to
formic acid using a Ru(II)−Re(I) supramolecular complex in an aqueous solution. Inorg Chem
54:1800–1807. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic502707t
Navalon S, Dhakshinamoorthy A, Alvaro M, Garcia H (2013) Photocatalytic CO2 reduction using
non-titanium metal oxides and sulfides. ChemSusChem 6:562–577. https://doi.org/10.1002/
cssc.201200670
Park S, Xie Y, Weaver MJ (2002) Electrocatalytic pathways on carbon-supported platinum
nanoparticles: comparison of particle-size-dependent rates of methanol, formic acid, and formaldehyde electrooxidation. Langmuir 18:5792–5798. https://doi.org/10.1021/la0200459
Phillips KR, Yu K, Hwang J, Yang S-H (2018) Sulfide-derived copper for electrochemical conversion of CO 2 to formic acid. J Phys Chem Lett 9:4407–4412. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.
jpclett.8b01601
Princiotta F (2011) Global climate change-the technology challenge. Springer, Dordrecht, p 420
Qin G, Zhang Y, XuebinKe XT, Sun Z, Mao L, Xue S (2013) Photocatalytic reduction of carbon
dioxide to formic acid, formaldehyde, and methanol using dye-sensitized TiO 2 film. Appl Catal
B Environ 129:599–605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2012.10.012
Reda T, Plugge CM, Abram NJ, Hirst J (2008) Reversible interconversion of carbon dioxide and
formate by an electroactive enzyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci India Sect A 105:10654–10658.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0801290105
Reutemann W, Kieczka H (2016) Formic acid. In: Ullmann’s encyclopedia of industrial chemistry. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. https://doi.org/10.1002/14356007.
a12_013.pub3
Rice S, Ha R, Masel I, Waszczuk P, Wieckowski A, Barnard T (2002) Direct formic acid fuel cells.
J Power Sources 111:83–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7753(02)00271-9
Rohmann K, Kothe J, Haenel MW, Englert U, Holscher M, Leitner W (2016) Hydrogenation of
CO 2 to formic acid with a highly active ruthenium acriphos complex in DMSO and DMSO/
water. Angew Chem Int Ed 55:8966–8969. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201603878
Rosen A, Salehi-Khojin A, Thorson MR, Zhu W, Whipple DT, Kenis PJA, Masel RI (2011) Ionic
liquid–mediated selective conversion of CO 2 to CO at low overpotentials. Science 334:643–
644. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1209786
Rosenthal J, Bachman J, Dempsey JL, Esswein AJ, Gray TG, Hodgkiss JM, Manke DR, Luckett
TD, Pistorio BJ, Veige AS (2005) Oxygen and hydrogen photocatalysis by two-electron mixedvalence coordination compounds. Coord Chem Rev 249:1316–1326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
ccr.2005.03.034
Scheffer M, Carpenter SR (2003) Catastrophic regime shifts in ecosystems: linking theory to
observation. Trends Ecol Evol 18:648–656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2003.09.002
Schlesinger WH, Reynolds JF, Cunningham GL (1990) Biological feedbacks in global desertification. Science 247:1043–1048. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.247.4946.1043
Scott M, Molinos BB, Westhues C, Francik G, Leitner W (2017) Aqueous biphasic systems for the
synthesis of formates by catalytic CO 2 hydrogenation: integrated reaction and catalyst separation for CO 2 -scrubbing solutions. ChemSusChem 10:1085–1093. https://doi.org/10.1002/
cssc.201601814
SET-Plan (2011) Technology map of the European Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan),
3rd edn. European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Energy and Transport; ©
European Union, Luxembourg
Solomon S, Daniel JS, Sanford TJ, Murphy DM, Plattner GK, Knutti R, Friedlingstein P (2010)
Persistence of climate changes due to a range of greenhouse gases. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
107:18354–1835\. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1006282107
U. Fegade and G. Jethave