109
Song H, Zhang N, Zhong C, Liu Z, Xiao M, Gai H (2017) Hydrogenation of CO 2 into formic acid
using a palladium catalyst on chitin. New J Chem 41:9170. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7nj00460e
Specht M, Staiss F, Bandi A, Weimer T (1998) Comparison of the renewable transportation fuels,
liquid hydrogen and methanol, with gasoline—energetic and economic aspects. Int J Hydrog
Energy 23:387–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-3199(97)00077-3
Stephen KR (2007) Chem Eng News 11:85
Suffredini HB, Cerne JL, Crnkovic FC, Machado SAS, Avaca LA (2000) Recent developments
in electrode materials for water electrolysis. Int J Hydrog Energy 25:415–423. https://doi.
org/10.1016/S0360-3199(99)00049-X
Sun LY, Ramesha GK, Kamat PV, Brennecke JF (2014) Switching the reaction course of electrochemical CO 2 reduction with ionic liquids. Langmuir 30:6302–6308. https://doi.org/10.1021/
la5009076
Takeda H, Ishitani O (2010) Development of efficient photocatalytic systems for CO 2 reduction
using mononuclear and multinuclear metal complexes based on mechanistic studies. Coord
Chem Rev 254:346–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2009.09.030
Tanaka K, Ooyama D (2002) Multi-electron reduction of CO 2 via Ru-CO 2 , C(O)OH, -CO,
-CHO, and -CH 2 OH species. Coord Chem Rev 226:211–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/
S0010-8545(01)00434-9
Tanaka R, Yamashita M, Nozaki K (2009) Catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide using Ir(III)−
pincer complexes. J Am Chem Soc 131:14168–14169. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja903574e
The Global Status of CCS (2011) The Global CCS Institute, Canberra, Australia
Toyohara K, Nagao H, Mizukawa T, Tanaka K (1995) Ruthenium formyl complexes as the branch
point in two- and multi-Electron reductions of CO 2 . Inorg Chem 34:5399–5400. https://doi.
org/10.1021/ic00126a003
Tsujisho I, Toyoda M, Amao Y (2006) Photochemical and enzymatic synthesis of formic acid
from CO 2 with chlorophyll and dehydrogenase system. Catal Commun 7:173–176. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.catcom.2005.10.005
U.S. Department of Energy. http://fossil.energy.gov/sequestration/geologic/index.html
Udupa KS, Subramanian GS, Udupa HVK (1971) The electrolytic reduction of carbon dioxide to
formic acid. Electrochim Acta 16:1593–1598. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(71)80028-2
Wang WH, Himeda Y (2012) Hydrogenation. In: Karame I (ed) Recent advances in transition
metal-catalysed homogeneous hydrogenation of carbon dioxide in aqueous media [Online].
InTechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/48658
Wang W-H, Himeda Y, Muckerman JT, Manbeck GF, Fujita E (2015) CO 2 hydrogenation to
Formate and methanol as an alternative to photo- and electrochemical CO 2 reduction. Chem
Rev 115(23):12936–12973. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00197
Watkins JD, Bocarsly AB (2014) Direct reduction of carbon dioxide to Formate in high-gascapacity ionic liquids at post-transition-metal electrodes. ChemSusChem 7:284–290. https://
doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201300659
Whipple DT (2010) Prospects of CO 2 utilization via direct heterogeneous electrochemical reduction. J Phys Chem Lett 1:3451–3458. https://doi.org/10.1021/jz1012627
Williams R, Crandall RS, Bloom A (1978) Use of carbon dioxide in energy storage. Appl Phys Lett
33:381–383. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.90403
Windman T, Zolotova N, Schwandner F, Shock EL (2007) Formate as an energy source for microbial metabolism in chemosynthetic zones of hydrothermal ecosystems. Astrobiology 7:873–
890. https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2007.0127
Xia X-H, Zhi-JieJia YY, Liang Y, Wang Z, Ma L-L (2007) Preparation of multi-walled carbon nanotube supported TiO2 and its photocatalytic activity in the reduction of CO 2 with H 2 O. Carbon
45:717–721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2006.11.028
Xu W, Ma L, Huang B, Cui X, Niu X, Zhang H (2011) In Thermodynamic analysis of formic acid
synthesis from CO 2 hydrogenation. 2011 International conference on materials for renewable
energy & environment, pp 1473–1477
4 Conversion of Carbon Dioxide into Formic Acid
Song H, Zhang N, Zhong C, Liu Z, Xiao M, Gai H (2017) Hydrogenation of CO 2 into formic acid
using a palladium catalyst on chitin. New J Chem 41:9170. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7nj00460e
Specht M, Staiss F, Bandi A, Weimer T (1998) Comparison of the renewable transportation fuels,
liquid hydrogen and methanol, with gasoline—energetic and economic aspects. Int J Hydrog
Energy 23:387–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-3199(97)00077-3
Stephen KR (2007) Chem Eng News 11:85
Suffredini HB, Cerne JL, Crnkovic FC, Machado SAS, Avaca LA (2000) Recent developments
in electrode materials for water electrolysis. Int J Hydrog Energy 25:415–423. https://doi.
org/10.1016/S0360-3199(99)00049-X
Sun LY, Ramesha GK, Kamat PV, Brennecke JF (2014) Switching the reaction course of electrochemical CO 2 reduction with ionic liquids. Langmuir 30:6302–6308. https://doi.org/10.1021/
la5009076
Takeda H, Ishitani O (2010) Development of efficient photocatalytic systems for CO 2 reduction
using mononuclear and multinuclear metal complexes based on mechanistic studies. Coord
Chem Rev 254:346–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2009.09.030
Tanaka K, Ooyama D (2002) Multi-electron reduction of CO 2 via Ru-CO 2 , C(O)OH, -CO,
-CHO, and -CH 2 OH species. Coord Chem Rev 226:211–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/
S0010-8545(01)00434-9
Tanaka R, Yamashita M, Nozaki K (2009) Catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide using Ir(III)−
pincer complexes. J Am Chem Soc 131:14168–14169. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja903574e
The Global Status of CCS (2011) The Global CCS Institute, Canberra, Australia
Toyohara K, Nagao H, Mizukawa T, Tanaka K (1995) Ruthenium formyl complexes as the branch
point in two- and multi-Electron reductions of CO 2 . Inorg Chem 34:5399–5400. https://doi.
org/10.1021/ic00126a003
Tsujisho I, Toyoda M, Amao Y (2006) Photochemical and enzymatic synthesis of formic acid
from CO 2 with chlorophyll and dehydrogenase system. Catal Commun 7:173–176. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.catcom.2005.10.005
U.S. Department of Energy. http://fossil.energy.gov/sequestration/geologic/index.html
Udupa KS, Subramanian GS, Udupa HVK (1971) The electrolytic reduction of carbon dioxide to
formic acid. Electrochim Acta 16:1593–1598. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(71)80028-2
Wang WH, Himeda Y (2012) Hydrogenation. In: Karame I (ed) Recent advances in transition
metal-catalysed homogeneous hydrogenation of carbon dioxide in aqueous media [Online].
InTechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/48658
Wang W-H, Himeda Y, Muckerman JT, Manbeck GF, Fujita E (2015) CO 2 hydrogenation to
Formate and methanol as an alternative to photo- and electrochemical CO 2 reduction. Chem
Rev 115(23):12936–12973. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00197
Watkins JD, Bocarsly AB (2014) Direct reduction of carbon dioxide to Formate in high-gascapacity ionic liquids at post-transition-metal electrodes. ChemSusChem 7:284–290. https://
doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201300659
Whipple DT (2010) Prospects of CO 2 utilization via direct heterogeneous electrochemical reduction. J Phys Chem Lett 1:3451–3458. https://doi.org/10.1021/jz1012627
Williams R, Crandall RS, Bloom A (1978) Use of carbon dioxide in energy storage. Appl Phys Lett
33:381–383. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.90403
Windman T, Zolotova N, Schwandner F, Shock EL (2007) Formate as an energy source for microbial metabolism in chemosynthetic zones of hydrothermal ecosystems. Astrobiology 7:873–
890. https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2007.0127
Xia X-H, Zhi-JieJia YY, Liang Y, Wang Z, Ma L-L (2007) Preparation of multi-walled carbon nanotube supported TiO2 and its photocatalytic activity in the reduction of CO 2 with H 2 O. Carbon
45:717–721. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2006.11.028
Xu W, Ma L, Huang B, Cui X, Niu X, Zhang H (2011) In Thermodynamic analysis of formic acid
synthesis from CO 2 hydrogenation. 2011 International conference on materials for renewable
energy & environment, pp 1473–1477
4 Conversion of Carbon Dioxide into Formic Acid