95
4.2 Photocatalytic Conversion
Various methods as discussed above like electrical and photochemical for reduction
of CO 2 to HCOOH over transit metal electrodes, semiconductors, metal complexes,
etc. have been investigated by the researcher (Hori 2008; Doherty et al. 2010;
Takeda and Ishitani 2010; Navalon et al. 2013; Costentin et al. 2013; Ganesh 2014;
Das and WanDaud 2014; Clark et al. 2014; Lu et al. 2014; Manbeck and Fujita
2015). Out of which developed in photocatalytic CO 2 reduction is significantly
notable (Wang et al. 2015).
Xiao-Hong Xia et al. (2007) developed multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)
upheld TiO 2 amalgamated catalysts and utilized in the formation of formic acid
from CO 2 as the photocatalysts. The decoration of the TiO 2 particles and transportation the electron–hole sets produced by the UV illumination along the tubes alleviated by the MWCNTs, in order to diminish the recombination rate of the e
−
/h
+
sets
and in this manner enhance the photocatalytic movement of TiO 2 . Contrasted and
initiated carbons, MWCNTs have better execution in the photocatalytic responses
as backings for TiO 2 (Xia et al. 2007).
Hiroaki Fujiwara et al. (1998) prepared hexagonal, microscopic surface, structured, product-efficient and selective zinc sulfate blended (ZnS) nanocrystallites
and used as photo-reductive catalyst of CO 2 in DMF. The counter anions of the zinc
salts created a density of surface sulfur species of the nanocrystallite photocatalysts.
This improves photocatalytic action for the generation of HCOO
−
. These results are
relevant to the design of semiconductor photocatalyst for the principle of high activity and attractive selectivity (Fujiwara et al. 1998).
From Mg chlorophyll-α (Mg Chl-α), reduced Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and
methyl viologen (MV
+
), Ikue Tsujisho et al. (2006) prepared formate dehydrogenase (FDH), and with this FDH, reduction of CO 2 gas to formic acid is done, and the
formic acid generation is 56 μM in 4 h irradiation (Tsujisho et al. 2006).
Baowen Zhou et al. (2018) synthesized economical ternary metal chalcogenides
by combination of molybdenum, bismuth, and cadmium abbreviated as Mo − Bi−
Cd and used as photocatalysts and used for CO 2 reduction (Fig. 4.1). The rate of
formation of formic acid is as large as 208 μmol g
−1
h
−1
with a 72% faradaic proficiency (Zhou et al. 2018).
Giuseppe Mele and team (2015) prepared a low-cost, stable, composite material
as an effective catalyst of TiO 2 powder with Cu(II) and porphyrins and phthalocyanines and effectively tried for the productive photoreduction of CO 2 . The sensitizer
is highly proficient in the CO 2 photocatalytic reduction into formic acid, likely
because of its favorable reduction potential (Mele et al. 2015).
Akinobu Nakada et al. (2015) examined photocatalytic, photochemical, and photophysical capacities of the Ru(II)-Re(I) chloride complex (RuReCl), in which
Re(I) catalyst units and Ru (II) photosensitizer in an water system were associated
4 Conversion of Carbon Dioxide into Formic Acid
4.2 Photocatalytic Conversion
Various methods as discussed above like electrical and photochemical for reduction
of CO 2 to HCOOH over transit metal electrodes, semiconductors, metal complexes,
etc. have been investigated by the researcher (Hori 2008; Doherty et al. 2010;
Takeda and Ishitani 2010; Navalon et al. 2013; Costentin et al. 2013; Ganesh 2014;
Das and WanDaud 2014; Clark et al. 2014; Lu et al. 2014; Manbeck and Fujita
2015). Out of which developed in photocatalytic CO 2 reduction is significantly
notable (Wang et al. 2015).
Xiao-Hong Xia et al. (2007) developed multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)
upheld TiO 2 amalgamated catalysts and utilized in the formation of formic acid
from CO 2 as the photocatalysts. The decoration of the TiO 2 particles and transportation the electron–hole sets produced by the UV illumination along the tubes alleviated by the MWCNTs, in order to diminish the recombination rate of the e
−
/h
+
sets
and in this manner enhance the photocatalytic movement of TiO 2 . Contrasted and
initiated carbons, MWCNTs have better execution in the photocatalytic responses
as backings for TiO 2 (Xia et al. 2007).
Hiroaki Fujiwara et al. (1998) prepared hexagonal, microscopic surface, structured, product-efficient and selective zinc sulfate blended (ZnS) nanocrystallites
and used as photo-reductive catalyst of CO 2 in DMF. The counter anions of the zinc
salts created a density of surface sulfur species of the nanocrystallite photocatalysts.
This improves photocatalytic action for the generation of HCOO
−
. These results are
relevant to the design of semiconductor photocatalyst for the principle of high activity and attractive selectivity (Fujiwara et al. 1998).
From Mg chlorophyll-α (Mg Chl-α), reduced Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and
methyl viologen (MV
+
), Ikue Tsujisho et al. (2006) prepared formate dehydrogenase (FDH), and with this FDH, reduction of CO 2 gas to formic acid is done, and the
formic acid generation is 56 μM in 4 h irradiation (Tsujisho et al. 2006).
Baowen Zhou et al. (2018) synthesized economical ternary metal chalcogenides
by combination of molybdenum, bismuth, and cadmium abbreviated as Mo − Bi−
Cd and used as photocatalysts and used for CO 2 reduction (Fig. 4.1). The rate of
formation of formic acid is as large as 208 μmol g
−1
h
−1
with a 72% faradaic proficiency (Zhou et al. 2018).
Giuseppe Mele and team (2015) prepared a low-cost, stable, composite material
as an effective catalyst of TiO 2 powder with Cu(II) and porphyrins and phthalocyanines and effectively tried for the productive photoreduction of CO 2 . The sensitizer
is highly proficient in the CO 2 photocatalytic reduction into formic acid, likely
because of its favorable reduction potential (Mele et al. 2015).
Akinobu Nakada et al. (2015) examined photocatalytic, photochemical, and photophysical capacities of the Ru(II)-Re(I) chloride complex (RuReCl), in which
Re(I) catalyst units and Ru (II) photosensitizer in an water system were associated
4 Conversion of Carbon Dioxide into Formic Acid