94
heat waves); ocean level ascent; adjusted product development; and disturbed water
frameworks (Princiotta 2011; SET-Plan 2011; The Global Status of CCS 2011;
IPCC 2001).
Coal, hydrocarbon, and fossil fuels are majorly used for the energy production
because they are easily accessible and produce large amount of heat energy (Energy
Information Administration 2008; Scheffer and Carpenter 2003). Huge number of
countries are still producing 80% of their energy using coal, hydrocarbon, and fossil
fuels. Unfortunately, coal, hydrocarbon, and fossil fuel burning have significant
negative impact on total ecosystem. Hansen and co- workers use paleoclimate report
to show that 6 °C temperature change is enough to fluctuate the earth’s weather
(IPCC 2001; Lal 2008; Cohon 2009; Morton 2008; Schlesinger et al. 1990; http://
fossil.energy.gov/sequestration/geologic/index.html, U.S. Department of Energy).
Among the primary threats that the world will face in the future are the environmental protection from the global warming and challenge to search of new technology
and source of energy which is safer for the ecosystem (Hansen 2007; Hansen et al.
2008; Armaroli and Balzani 2006; Eberle et al. 2009). Hydrogen has several advantages over all fossil fuels, but its storage and delivery are not safer. Thus, the development of technologies for hydrogen storage is essential work for the scientists
(Himeda 2007; Himeda et al. 2011; Tanaka et al. 2009; Boddien et al. 2010; Johnson
et al. 2009).
Formic acid is an essential substance required for the production of neutralizer
in tanning, disinfectant, and additive specialist in sterile stations in the chemical
industry (Williams et al. 1978; Jackstell and Beller 2010). Moreover, formic acid
is considered as an alternative fuel in automobiles such as cars and in fuel cells
(Zhang et al. 1996; Kyoung-Jin Jeong et al. 2007; Stephen 2007). Current, commercial processes for formic acid production are neither energy efficient nor environment friendly. The invention of such energy-efficient, environment-friendly,
and clean method is preferred by scientists (Stephen 2007). For a long time, formic
acid synthesis has been carried out from the CO 2 reduction directly and in 1935
firstly reported by Farlow and Adkins and reaction catalyzed by Raney nickel
under 20–40 MPa and temperature ranges 353–423 K (Farlow and Adkins 1935;
Hao et al. 2011).
If fossil fuels are not necessarily reduced, the possible solution to this problem is
the recirculation of carbon dioxide, so that the probability of its generation can be
assumed to Fuel. (Aresta et al. 2014; Darensbourg 2007) Researchers working in
the field of formic acid production using photo energy (solar) have great significance and the methods used such as electrochemical, photochemical, or thermochemical. The electrochemical conversion process can be feasible at room
temperature and pressure are convenient with higher conversion efficiency, thus
chance of reducing atmospheric CO 2 (Wang et al. 2015; Lu et al. 2014).
U. Fegade and G. Jethave
heat waves); ocean level ascent; adjusted product development; and disturbed water
frameworks (Princiotta 2011; SET-Plan 2011; The Global Status of CCS 2011;
IPCC 2001).
Coal, hydrocarbon, and fossil fuels are majorly used for the energy production
because they are easily accessible and produce large amount of heat energy (Energy
Information Administration 2008; Scheffer and Carpenter 2003). Huge number of
countries are still producing 80% of their energy using coal, hydrocarbon, and fossil
fuels. Unfortunately, coal, hydrocarbon, and fossil fuel burning have significant
negative impact on total ecosystem. Hansen and co- workers use paleoclimate report
to show that 6 °C temperature change is enough to fluctuate the earth’s weather
(IPCC 2001; Lal 2008; Cohon 2009; Morton 2008; Schlesinger et al. 1990; http://
fossil.energy.gov/sequestration/geologic/index.html, U.S. Department of Energy).
Among the primary threats that the world will face in the future are the environmental protection from the global warming and challenge to search of new technology
and source of energy which is safer for the ecosystem (Hansen 2007; Hansen et al.
2008; Armaroli and Balzani 2006; Eberle et al. 2009). Hydrogen has several advantages over all fossil fuels, but its storage and delivery are not safer. Thus, the development of technologies for hydrogen storage is essential work for the scientists
(Himeda 2007; Himeda et al. 2011; Tanaka et al. 2009; Boddien et al. 2010; Johnson
et al. 2009).
Formic acid is an essential substance required for the production of neutralizer
in tanning, disinfectant, and additive specialist in sterile stations in the chemical
industry (Williams et al. 1978; Jackstell and Beller 2010). Moreover, formic acid
is considered as an alternative fuel in automobiles such as cars and in fuel cells
(Zhang et al. 1996; Kyoung-Jin Jeong et al. 2007; Stephen 2007). Current, commercial processes for formic acid production are neither energy efficient nor environment friendly. The invention of such energy-efficient, environment-friendly,
and clean method is preferred by scientists (Stephen 2007). For a long time, formic
acid synthesis has been carried out from the CO 2 reduction directly and in 1935
firstly reported by Farlow and Adkins and reaction catalyzed by Raney nickel
under 20–40 MPa and temperature ranges 353–423 K (Farlow and Adkins 1935;
Hao et al. 2011).
If fossil fuels are not necessarily reduced, the possible solution to this problem is
the recirculation of carbon dioxide, so that the probability of its generation can be
assumed to Fuel. (Aresta et al. 2014; Darensbourg 2007) Researchers working in
the field of formic acid production using photo energy (solar) have great significance and the methods used such as electrochemical, photochemical, or thermochemical. The electrochemical conversion process can be feasible at room
temperature and pressure are convenient with higher conversion efficiency, thus
chance of reducing atmospheric CO 2 (Wang et al. 2015; Lu et al. 2014).
U. Fegade and G. Jethave