93
LDH
Lactate dehydrogenase
mA/cm
2
Milliampere per centimeter square
MEA
Monoethanolamine
mg
Milligrams
MIBC
Methyl isobutyl carbinol
Mo − Bi−Cd
Molybdenum, bismuth, and cadmium
MPa
Megapascal pressure
MV
+
Methyl viologen
MWCNT
Multi-walled carbon nanotube
NAD
+
and NADH Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidized and reduced
form, resp.
NaHCO 3
Sodium bicarbonate
NEt 3
Triethylamine
nm
Nanometer
RHE
Reversible hydrogen electrode
RuReCl
Ruthenium(II) rhenium(I) chloride
SCE
Standard calomel electrode
SD-Cu
Sulfide-derived copper
Sn
Tin
TEOA
Triethanolamine
TiO 2
Titanium dioxide
TOFs
Turnover frequencies
TON
Turnover number
UV
Ultraviolet
V
Volt
VB
Valence band
ZnS
Zinc sulfate
ZVN
Zerovalent nickel
μmol
Micromole
4.1 Introduction
Since the industrial revolution, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration of around
278 ppm has constantly expanded because of broad utilization of petroleum products (Baldwin et al. 2005; Ewald 2013). Recent reports of world environmental
agencies showed that atmospheric CO 2 level has reached the 400 ppm point
(Solomon et al. 2010; Specht et al. 1998), and it is likely to continue to rise (Lim
et al. 2013). In any case, vitality-driven utilization of petroleum products has
prompted a fast increment in CO 2 outflows, disturbing the worldwide carbon cycle
and prompting a planetary warming effect (Princiotta 2011; SET-Plan 2011; The
Global Status of CCS 2011). An overall temperature modification and a changing
atmosphere have a scope of potential environmental, physical, and well-being
impacts, with extraordinary climate occasions (e.g., surges, dry spells, storms, and
4 Conversion of Carbon Dioxide into Formic Acid
LDH
Lactate dehydrogenase
mA/cm
2
Milliampere per centimeter square
MEA
Monoethanolamine
mg
Milligrams
MIBC
Methyl isobutyl carbinol
Mo − Bi−Cd
Molybdenum, bismuth, and cadmium
MPa
Megapascal pressure
MV
+
Methyl viologen
MWCNT
Multi-walled carbon nanotube
NAD
+
and NADH Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidized and reduced
form, resp.
NaHCO 3
Sodium bicarbonate
NEt 3
Triethylamine
nm
Nanometer
RHE
Reversible hydrogen electrode
RuReCl
Ruthenium(II) rhenium(I) chloride
SCE
Standard calomel electrode
SD-Cu
Sulfide-derived copper
Sn
Tin
TEOA
Triethanolamine
TiO 2
Titanium dioxide
TOFs
Turnover frequencies
TON
Turnover number
UV
Ultraviolet
V
Volt
VB
Valence band
ZnS
Zinc sulfate
ZVN
Zerovalent nickel
μmol
Micromole
4.1 Introduction
Since the industrial revolution, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration of around
278 ppm has constantly expanded because of broad utilization of petroleum products (Baldwin et al. 2005; Ewald 2013). Recent reports of world environmental
agencies showed that atmospheric CO 2 level has reached the 400 ppm point
(Solomon et al. 2010; Specht et al. 1998), and it is likely to continue to rise (Lim
et al. 2013). In any case, vitality-driven utilization of petroleum products has
prompted a fast increment in CO 2 outflows, disturbing the worldwide carbon cycle
and prompting a planetary warming effect (Princiotta 2011; SET-Plan 2011; The
Global Status of CCS 2011). An overall temperature modification and a changing
atmosphere have a scope of potential environmental, physical, and well-being
impacts, with extraordinary climate occasions (e.g., surges, dry spells, storms, and
4 Conversion of Carbon Dioxide into Formic Acid