92
photocatalysts for CO 2 reduction. The rate of formation of formic acid is as large as
208 μmol g
−1
h
−1
with a 72% faradaic proficiency. One of the researchers, Giuseppe
Mele, and his team (Molecules 20:396–415, 2015) prepared low-cost, stable, composite material as an effective catalyst of TiO 2 powder with Cu(II) and porphyrins
and phthalocyanines and effectively applied for the productive photoreduction of
CO 2 . The sensitizer is highly proficient in the CO 2 photocatalytic reduction into
formic acid, likely because of its favorable reduction potential.
Similarly, Qinggong Zhu et al. (Angew Chem 128:9158–9162, 2016) describes
ternary electrolytes with ionic liquid/acetonitrile/H 2 O in electrocatalysis reduction
of CO 2 . About 37.6 mA/cm
2
of partial current density at 91.6% faradaic efficiency
is reported for formic acid, in which the use of homogeneous and noble metal electrocatalysts are included. Sheng Zhang and the group (J Am Chem Soc 136:7845–
7848, 2014a; J Am Chem Soc 136:1734–1737, 2014b) also prepared and evaluated
high-surface tin oxide nanocrystals as electrocatalysts to reduce CO 2 to formic acid.
Faradaic maximum yields of 93% formic acid have been achieved with high stability and current density is greater than 10 mA/cm
2
in graphene supports.
There is also good work have been done in physicochemical approach of CO 2
reduction such as Qinggang Liu and team (Nat Commun 8:1407, 2017) devised a
catalytic route for the straight conversion of CO 2 using an imine based gold nanoparticle with a turnover number approximately 14,470 for 12 h duration and at
90 °C. Advances research in the current science and material engineering for critical
issue such as new energy technologies; we hope that researcher will definitely
achieved the best solution and technique and overcome this critical issue.
Keywords Global warming · CO 2 Reduction · Formic Acid · Hydrogen fuel ·
Photocatalysis · Electrocatalysis · Thermochemical route · Organometallic
complex · Semiconductors · Nanomaterial
Abbreviations
°C
Degree Celsius temperature
CB
Conductive band
CO
Carbon monoxide
CO 2
Carbon dioxide
Cu
Copper
DMF
Dimethylformamide
DMSO
Dimethyl sulfoxide
e
−
Electron
FA, HCOOH
Formic acid
FDH
Formate dehydrogenase
GDE
Gas diffusion electrodes
H 2 O
Water
K
Kelvin temperature
U. Fegade and G. Jethave
photocatalysts for CO 2 reduction. The rate of formation of formic acid is as large as
208 μmol g
−1
h
−1
with a 72% faradaic proficiency. One of the researchers, Giuseppe
Mele, and his team (Molecules 20:396–415, 2015) prepared low-cost, stable, composite material as an effective catalyst of TiO 2 powder with Cu(II) and porphyrins
and phthalocyanines and effectively applied for the productive photoreduction of
CO 2 . The sensitizer is highly proficient in the CO 2 photocatalytic reduction into
formic acid, likely because of its favorable reduction potential.
Similarly, Qinggong Zhu et al. (Angew Chem 128:9158–9162, 2016) describes
ternary electrolytes with ionic liquid/acetonitrile/H 2 O in electrocatalysis reduction
of CO 2 . About 37.6 mA/cm
2
of partial current density at 91.6% faradaic efficiency
is reported for formic acid, in which the use of homogeneous and noble metal electrocatalysts are included. Sheng Zhang and the group (J Am Chem Soc 136:7845–
7848, 2014a; J Am Chem Soc 136:1734–1737, 2014b) also prepared and evaluated
high-surface tin oxide nanocrystals as electrocatalysts to reduce CO 2 to formic acid.
Faradaic maximum yields of 93% formic acid have been achieved with high stability and current density is greater than 10 mA/cm
2
in graphene supports.
There is also good work have been done in physicochemical approach of CO 2
reduction such as Qinggang Liu and team (Nat Commun 8:1407, 2017) devised a
catalytic route for the straight conversion of CO 2 using an imine based gold nanoparticle with a turnover number approximately 14,470 for 12 h duration and at
90 °C. Advances research in the current science and material engineering for critical
issue such as new energy technologies; we hope that researcher will definitely
achieved the best solution and technique and overcome this critical issue.
Keywords Global warming · CO 2 Reduction · Formic Acid · Hydrogen fuel ·
Photocatalysis · Electrocatalysis · Thermochemical route · Organometallic
complex · Semiconductors · Nanomaterial
Abbreviations
°C
Degree Celsius temperature
CB
Conductive band
CO
Carbon monoxide
CO 2
Carbon dioxide
Cu
Copper
DMF
Dimethylformamide
DMSO
Dimethyl sulfoxide
e
−
Electron
FA, HCOOH
Formic acid
FDH
Formate dehydrogenase
GDE
Gas diffusion electrodes
H 2 O
Water
K
Kelvin temperature
U. Fegade and G. Jethave