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59. Lessa-Aquino C, Borges Rodrigues C, Pablo J
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60. Lessa-Aquino C, Lindow JC, Randall A et al
(2017) Distinct antibody responses of patients
with mild and severe leptospirosis determined
by whole proteome microarray analysis. PLoS
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10.1371/journal.pntd.0005349
61. Saengjaruk P, Chaicumpa W, Watt G et al
(2002) Diagnosis of human leptospirosis by
monoclonal antibody-based antigen detection
in urine. J Clin Microbiol 40:480–489
62. Kanagavel M, Shanmughapriya S, Aishwarya
KVL et al (2017) Peptide specific monoclonal
antibodies of Leptospiral LigA for acute diagnosis of leptospirosis. Sci Rep 7:3250. https://
doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-03658-0
63. Widiyanti D, Koizumi N, Fukui T et al (2013)
Development of immunochromatographybased methods for detection of leptospiral lipopolysaccharide antigen in urine. Clin Vaccine
Immunol 20:683–690. https://doi.org/10.
1128/CVI.00756-12
64. Chaurasia R, Thresiamma KC, Eapen CK et al
(2018) Pathogen-specific leptospiral proteins
in urine of patients with febrile illness aids in
differential diagnosis of leptospirosis from dengue. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis
37:423–433.
https://doi.org/10.1007/
s10096-018-3187-9
65. Toma C, Koizumi N, Kakita T et al (2018)
Leptospiral 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase as an early urinary biomarker of leptospirosis. Heliyon 4:e00616. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00616
66. Limmathurotsakul D, Turner EL, Wuthiekanun V et al (2012) Fool’s gold: why imperfect
reference tests are undermining the evaluation
of novel diagnostics: a reevaluation of 5 diagnostic tests for leptospirosis. Clin Infect Dis
55:322–331. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/
cis403
Laboratory Diagnosis of Leptospirosis
287
23:65–72.
https://doi.org/10.1128/CVI.
00509-15
59. Lessa-Aquino C, Borges Rodrigues C, Pablo J
et al (2013) Identification of seroreactive proteins of Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni using a high-density protein microarray
approach. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 7:e2499.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.
0002499
60. Lessa-Aquino C, Lindow JC, Randall A et al
(2017) Distinct antibody responses of patients
with mild and severe leptospirosis determined
by whole proteome microarray analysis. PLoS
Negl Trop Dis 11:e0005349. https://doi.org/
10.1371/journal.pntd.0005349
61. Saengjaruk P, Chaicumpa W, Watt G et al
(2002) Diagnosis of human leptospirosis by
monoclonal antibody-based antigen detection
in urine. J Clin Microbiol 40:480–489
62. Kanagavel M, Shanmughapriya S, Aishwarya
KVL et al (2017) Peptide specific monoclonal
antibodies of Leptospiral LigA for acute diagnosis of leptospirosis. Sci Rep 7:3250. https://
doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-03658-0
63. Widiyanti D, Koizumi N, Fukui T et al (2013)
Development of immunochromatographybased methods for detection of leptospiral lipopolysaccharide antigen in urine. Clin Vaccine
Immunol 20:683–690. https://doi.org/10.
1128/CVI.00756-12
64. Chaurasia R, Thresiamma KC, Eapen CK et al
(2018) Pathogen-specific leptospiral proteins
in urine of patients with febrile illness aids in
differential diagnosis of leptospirosis from dengue. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis
37:423–433.
https://doi.org/10.1007/
s10096-018-3187-9
65. Toma C, Koizumi N, Kakita T et al (2018)
Leptospiral 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase as an early urinary biomarker of leptospirosis. Heliyon 4:e00616. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00616
66. Limmathurotsakul D, Turner EL, Wuthiekanun V et al (2012) Fool’s gold: why imperfect
reference tests are undermining the evaluation
of novel diagnostics: a reevaluation of 5 diagnostic tests for leptospirosis. Clin Infect Dis
55:322–331. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/
cis403
Laboratory Diagnosis of Leptospirosis
287