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54. C.K. Sun, S.W. Chu, S.Y. Chen, T.H. Tsai, T.M. Liu, C.Y. Lin, H.J. Tsai, Higher harmonic
generation microscopy for developmental biology. J. Struct. Biol. 147(1), 19–30 (2004)
55. O. Masihzadeh, P. Schlup, R.A. Bartels, Enhanced spatial resolution in third-harmonic
microscopy through polarization switching. Opt. Lett. 34(8), 1240–1242 (2009)
56. K. Isobe, T. Takeda, K. Mochizuki, Q. Song, A. Suda, F. Kannari, H. Kawano, A. Kumagai, A.
Miyawaki, K. Midorikawa, Enhancement of lateral resolution and optical sectioning capability of two-photon fluorescence microscopy by combining temporal-focusing with structured
illumination. Biomed. Opt. Express 4(11), 2396–2410 (2013)
57. D. Fittinghoff, P. Wiseman, J. Squier, Widefield multiphoton and temporally decorrelated
multifocal multiphoton microscopy. Opt. Express 7(8), 273–279 (2000)
58. G. Zhu, J. Van Howe, M. Durst, W. Zipfel, C. Xu, W. Denk, K.R. Delaney, A. Gelperin,
D. Kleinfeld, B.W. Strawbridge, D.W. Tank, R. Yuste, Simultaneous spatial and temporal
focusing of femtosecond pulses. Opt. Express 13(6), 2153–2159 (2005)
59. E. Tal, D. Oron, Y. Silberberg, Improved depth resolution in video-rate line-scanning multiphoton microscopy using temporal focusing. Opt. Lett. 30(13), 1686–1688 (2005)
60. K. Toda, K. Isobe, K. Namiki, H. Kawano, A. Miyawaki, K. Midorikawa, Temporal focusing
microscopy using three-photon excitation fluorescence with a 92-fs Yb-fiber chirped pulse
amplifier. Biomed. Opt. Express 8(6), 2796–2806 (2017)
61. C. Heinrich, S. Bernet, M. Ritsch-Marte, Wide-field coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering
microscopy. Appl. Phys. Lett. 84(5), 816–818 (2004)
62. Y. Pu, M. Centurion, D. Psaltis, Harmonic holography: a new holographic principle. Appl.
Opt. 47(4), A103–A110 (2008)
63. D. Kobat, M.E. Durst, N. Nishimura, A.W. Wong, C.B. Schaffer, C. Xu, Deep tissue multiphoton microscopy using longer wavelength excitation. Opt. Express 17(16), 13354–13364
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64. V. Andresen, S. Alexander, W.-M. Heupel, M. Hirschberg, R.M. Hoffman, P. Friedl, Infrared
multiphoton microscopy: subcellular-resolved deep tissue imaging. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol.
20(1), 54–62 (2009)
65. S. Huang, A.A. Heikal, W.W. Webb, Two-photon fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy
of NAD(P)H and flavoprotein. Biophys. J. 82(5), 2811–2825 (2002)
66. M.C. Skala, K.M. Riching, A. Gendron-Fitzpatrick, J. Eickhoff, K.W. Eliceiri, J.G. White, N.
Ramanujam, In vivo multiphoton microscopy of NADH and FAD redox states, fluorescence
lifetimes, and cellular morphology in precancerous epithelia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 104(49),
19494–19499 (2007)
67. E.E. Hoover, J.A. Squier, Advances in multiphoton microscopy technology. Nat. Photonics
7(2), 93 (2013)
68. M. Strupler, A.-M. Pena, M. Hernest, P.-L. Tharaux, J.-L. Martin, E. Beaurepaire, M.-C.
Schanne-Klein, Second harmonic imaging and scoring of collagen in fibrotic tissues. Opt.
Express 15(7), 4054–4065 (2007)
69. X. Chen, O. Nadiarynkh, S. Plotnikov, P.J. Campagnola, Second harmonic generation
microscopy for quantitative analysis of collagen fibrillar structure. Nat. Protoc. 7(4), 654–
669 (2012)
70. D. Débarre, W. Supatto, A.-M. Pena, A. Fabre, T. Tordjmann, L. Combettes, M.-C. SchanneKlein, E. Beaurepaire, Imaging lipid bodies in cells and tissues using third-harmonic generation microscopy. Nat. Methods 3(1), 47–53 (2006)
71. N. Olivier, M.A. Luengo-Oroz, L. Duloquin, E. Faure, T. Savy, I. Veilleux, X. Solinas, D.
Débarre, P. Bourgine, A. Santos, N. Peyriéras, E. Beaurepaire, Cell lineage reconstruction of
early zebrafish embryos using label-free nonlinear microscopy. Science 329(5994), 967–971
(2010)
72. G. Bautista, S.G. Pfisterer, M.J. Huttunen, S. Ranjan, K. Kanerva, E. Ikonen, M. Kauranen,
Polarized THG microscopy identifies compositionally different lipid droplets in mammalian
cells. Biophys. J. 107(10), 2230–2236 (2014)
73. D.A. Dombeck, K.A. Kasischke, H.D. Vishwasrao, M. Ingelsson, B.T. Hyman, W.W. Webb,
Uniform polarity microtubule assemblies imaged in native brain tissue by second-harmonic
generation microscopy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 100(12), 7081–7086 (2003)
M. J. Huttunen and A. Kiviniemi
54. C.K. Sun, S.W. Chu, S.Y. Chen, T.H. Tsai, T.M. Liu, C.Y. Lin, H.J. Tsai, Higher harmonic
generation microscopy for developmental biology. J. Struct. Biol. 147(1), 19–30 (2004)
55. O. Masihzadeh, P. Schlup, R.A. Bartels, Enhanced spatial resolution in third-harmonic
microscopy through polarization switching. Opt. Lett. 34(8), 1240–1242 (2009)
56. K. Isobe, T. Takeda, K. Mochizuki, Q. Song, A. Suda, F. Kannari, H. Kawano, A. Kumagai, A.
Miyawaki, K. Midorikawa, Enhancement of lateral resolution and optical sectioning capability of two-photon fluorescence microscopy by combining temporal-focusing with structured
illumination. Biomed. Opt. Express 4(11), 2396–2410 (2013)
57. D. Fittinghoff, P. Wiseman, J. Squier, Widefield multiphoton and temporally decorrelated
multifocal multiphoton microscopy. Opt. Express 7(8), 273–279 (2000)
58. G. Zhu, J. Van Howe, M. Durst, W. Zipfel, C. Xu, W. Denk, K.R. Delaney, A. Gelperin,
D. Kleinfeld, B.W. Strawbridge, D.W. Tank, R. Yuste, Simultaneous spatial and temporal
focusing of femtosecond pulses. Opt. Express 13(6), 2153–2159 (2005)
59. E. Tal, D. Oron, Y. Silberberg, Improved depth resolution in video-rate line-scanning multiphoton microscopy using temporal focusing. Opt. Lett. 30(13), 1686–1688 (2005)
60. K. Toda, K. Isobe, K. Namiki, H. Kawano, A. Miyawaki, K. Midorikawa, Temporal focusing
microscopy using three-photon excitation fluorescence with a 92-fs Yb-fiber chirped pulse
amplifier. Biomed. Opt. Express 8(6), 2796–2806 (2017)
61. C. Heinrich, S. Bernet, M. Ritsch-Marte, Wide-field coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering
microscopy. Appl. Phys. Lett. 84(5), 816–818 (2004)
62. Y. Pu, M. Centurion, D. Psaltis, Harmonic holography: a new holographic principle. Appl.
Opt. 47(4), A103–A110 (2008)
63. D. Kobat, M.E. Durst, N. Nishimura, A.W. Wong, C.B. Schaffer, C. Xu, Deep tissue multiphoton microscopy using longer wavelength excitation. Opt. Express 17(16), 13354–13364
(2009)
64. V. Andresen, S. Alexander, W.-M. Heupel, M. Hirschberg, R.M. Hoffman, P. Friedl, Infrared
multiphoton microscopy: subcellular-resolved deep tissue imaging. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol.
20(1), 54–62 (2009)
65. S. Huang, A.A. Heikal, W.W. Webb, Two-photon fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy
of NAD(P)H and flavoprotein. Biophys. J. 82(5), 2811–2825 (2002)
66. M.C. Skala, K.M. Riching, A. Gendron-Fitzpatrick, J. Eickhoff, K.W. Eliceiri, J.G. White, N.
Ramanujam, In vivo multiphoton microscopy of NADH and FAD redox states, fluorescence
lifetimes, and cellular morphology in precancerous epithelia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 104(49),
19494–19499 (2007)
67. E.E. Hoover, J.A. Squier, Advances in multiphoton microscopy technology. Nat. Photonics
7(2), 93 (2013)
68. M. Strupler, A.-M. Pena, M. Hernest, P.-L. Tharaux, J.-L. Martin, E. Beaurepaire, M.-C.
Schanne-Klein, Second harmonic imaging and scoring of collagen in fibrotic tissues. Opt.
Express 15(7), 4054–4065 (2007)
69. X. Chen, O. Nadiarynkh, S. Plotnikov, P.J. Campagnola, Second harmonic generation
microscopy for quantitative analysis of collagen fibrillar structure. Nat. Protoc. 7(4), 654–
669 (2012)
70. D. Débarre, W. Supatto, A.-M. Pena, A. Fabre, T. Tordjmann, L. Combettes, M.-C. SchanneKlein, E. Beaurepaire, Imaging lipid bodies in cells and tissues using third-harmonic generation microscopy. Nat. Methods 3(1), 47–53 (2006)
71. N. Olivier, M.A. Luengo-Oroz, L. Duloquin, E. Faure, T. Savy, I. Veilleux, X. Solinas, D.
Débarre, P. Bourgine, A. Santos, N. Peyriéras, E. Beaurepaire, Cell lineage reconstruction of
early zebrafish embryos using label-free nonlinear microscopy. Science 329(5994), 967–971
(2010)
72. G. Bautista, S.G. Pfisterer, M.J. Huttunen, S. Ranjan, K. Kanerva, E. Ikonen, M. Kauranen,
Polarized THG microscopy identifies compositionally different lipid droplets in mammalian
cells. Biophys. J. 107(10), 2230–2236 (2014)
73. D.A. Dombeck, K.A. Kasischke, H.D. Vishwasrao, M. Ingelsson, B.T. Hyman, W.W. Webb,
Uniform polarity microtubule assemblies imaged in native brain tissue by second-harmonic
generation microscopy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 100(12), 7081–7086 (2003)