352
Index
Optimal pressure, 185
Overdrainage test, 205
Oxygen-15 (O-15), 52
P
Parietal lobe, 10, 11
Parieto-occipital fissure, 8
Perivascular space, CSF dynamics, 232–233
PET, see Positron emission tomography (PET)
PET radiopharmaceutical (PRP), 53
Phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging
cerebrospinal fluid, dynamics of
acquisition planes, 196–197
arteriovenous flow curves, 197
cardiac cycle, 195–196
cerebral blood inflow, 197
cerebral flows during cardiac cycles,
198
cerebral venous flow, 197
hyperintense regions, 196
hypointense areas, 196
intracranial volume change, 198
modelling ICP pulse from, 198–199
velocity encoding, 196
communicating hydrocephalus, 206–209
noncommunicating hydrocephalus,
206–207
Pia-arachnoid complex (PAC), 117
Planar neuroanatomy, 16–20
Poisson’s ratio, 244, 248, 324
Positron emission tomography (PET)
clinical applications, 60–62
structural and functional, 52–54
Positron-emitting radioisotopes, 52
Posterior cerebral artery, 24, 30
Pressure-volume curve, 187, 188, 190
Pressure-volume index (PVI), 187
Projection tracts, 36, 37, 39
Pulsatile cerebrospinal fluid flow
arterial blood flow, 193, 195
basic models, 193–195
cerebral venous outflow, 193
cranio-spinal system, compliance of, 194
intracranial fluids relationships, 193–194
phase-contrast MRI, 193
Pulsatility, 189
Pulse amplitude, 188, 189
R
Rayleigh quotient, 255, 287
Real-time computations, without
supercomputers, 259–260
Re-meshing techniques, 284
Resistance to CSF outflow (RCSF), 189
Respiratory waves, 192
Royal Institute of Technology, 102
S
Scalp EEG, 50
Scattered Transform module, 173
Segmentation
geometry, biomechanical model, 139
of spinal SAS, 219–220
of vascular tree, 329–330
Seizure-onset zones (SOZ), 165
Shear properties, of brain tissue
linear viscoelastic properties
elastography measurement, 75–78
measurement, 75
oscillatory loading test, 73–74
relaxation, 74–75
methodological issues, 72
nonlinear viscoelastic properties
constant loading rate, 80
oscillatory response, 78–79
relaxation, 79
rheological studies, 80–81
viscoelastic material, 73
Shunted patients, CSF dynamics in,
201–206
infusion testing, 203–204
overdrainage test, 205
slit ventricles, 205, 206
Shunt operating pressures, 203
Skull phantom, stereo image pairs, 311–312
Sliding constraints, 334, 336–337
Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH),
273–274
Soft tissue deformations
modified moving least square shape
functions for, 290–292, 294
shape functions for meshless algorithms for
computing, 275–279
spatial integration schemes for meshless
algorithms for computing, 279–282
Subarachnoid hematoma (SAH), 121
Subarachnoid space (SAS), 194, 207
cardiac cycle, 183
CSF dynamics, 218–219, 226–232
Chiari malformation, 230–231
finite volume method, 228
intrathecal drug delivery and solute
transport, 231–232
normal physiologic conditions, 227–229
syringomyelia, 229–230
Index
Optimal pressure, 185
Overdrainage test, 205
Oxygen-15 (O-15), 52
P
Parietal lobe, 10, 11
Parieto-occipital fissure, 8
Perivascular space, CSF dynamics, 232–233
PET, see Positron emission tomography (PET)
PET radiopharmaceutical (PRP), 53
Phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging
cerebrospinal fluid, dynamics of
acquisition planes, 196–197
arteriovenous flow curves, 197
cardiac cycle, 195–196
cerebral blood inflow, 197
cerebral flows during cardiac cycles,
198
cerebral venous flow, 197
hyperintense regions, 196
hypointense areas, 196
intracranial volume change, 198
modelling ICP pulse from, 198–199
velocity encoding, 196
communicating hydrocephalus, 206–209
noncommunicating hydrocephalus,
206–207
Pia-arachnoid complex (PAC), 117
Planar neuroanatomy, 16–20
Poisson’s ratio, 244, 248, 324
Positron emission tomography (PET)
clinical applications, 60–62
structural and functional, 52–54
Positron-emitting radioisotopes, 52
Posterior cerebral artery, 24, 30
Pressure-volume curve, 187, 188, 190
Pressure-volume index (PVI), 187
Projection tracts, 36, 37, 39
Pulsatile cerebrospinal fluid flow
arterial blood flow, 193, 195
basic models, 193–195
cerebral venous outflow, 193
cranio-spinal system, compliance of, 194
intracranial fluids relationships, 193–194
phase-contrast MRI, 193
Pulsatility, 189
Pulse amplitude, 188, 189
R
Rayleigh quotient, 255, 287
Real-time computations, without
supercomputers, 259–260
Re-meshing techniques, 284
Resistance to CSF outflow (RCSF), 189
Respiratory waves, 192
Royal Institute of Technology, 102
S
Scalp EEG, 50
Scattered Transform module, 173
Segmentation
geometry, biomechanical model, 139
of spinal SAS, 219–220
of vascular tree, 329–330
Seizure-onset zones (SOZ), 165
Shear properties, of brain tissue
linear viscoelastic properties
elastography measurement, 75–78
measurement, 75
oscillatory loading test, 73–74
relaxation, 74–75
methodological issues, 72
nonlinear viscoelastic properties
constant loading rate, 80
oscillatory response, 78–79
relaxation, 79
rheological studies, 80–81
viscoelastic material, 73
Shunted patients, CSF dynamics in,
201–206
infusion testing, 203–204
overdrainage test, 205
slit ventricles, 205, 206
Shunt operating pressures, 203
Skull phantom, stereo image pairs, 311–312
Sliding constraints, 334, 336–337
Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH),
273–274
Soft tissue deformations
modified moving least square shape
functions for, 290–292, 294
shape functions for meshless algorithms for
computing, 275–279
spatial integration schemes for meshless
algorithms for computing, 279–282
Subarachnoid hematoma (SAH), 121
Subarachnoid space (SAS), 194, 207
cardiac cycle, 183
CSF dynamics, 218–219, 226–232
Chiari malformation, 230–231
finite volume method, 228
intrathecal drug delivery and solute
transport, 231–232
normal physiologic conditions, 227–229
syringomyelia, 229–230