Index
347
Cerebral bloodflow (CBF), 181
Cerebral contusion, 118
Cerebral elasticity, 185
Cerebral hemisphere, 8
association tracts, 34–35, 38
commissural tracts, 31, 34, 37
projection tracts, 36, 37, 39
Cerebral veins, 28, 35, 36
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 15
computational fluid dynamics modelling
boundary conditions, 221–224
existing models, 225–233
flow calculations, 224–225
fluid connections, 217–218
initial conditions, 224
ITK-SNAP, 219
model domain, 217–220
MRI, 217
perivascular space, 232–233
segmentation, 219–220
spatial discretisation, 221
subarachnoid space, 218–219, 227–232
ventricular space, 225–226
VMTK, 219
dynamics of
absorption, 183
baseline CSF pressure (pb), 189
circulation, 184–188
clinical applications, 199–210
elastance coefficient, 190
ICP waveform components, 191–192
infusion test, 188–189
long-term ICP monitoring, 189
in nonshunted patients, 208, 210
outflow, 182
pathophysiology, 182–184
phase-contrast MRI, 195–199
physiology, 182–184
pressure-volume curve, 190
production, 182
pulsatile flow, 183, 193–195
pulsatility, 189
pulse amplitude, 189
RAP index, 192–193
resistance to CSF outflow (RCSF),
189
in shunted patients, 201–206
shunting, 182
unobstructed flow, 182–183
Cerebrum, 8
CFD, See Computational fluid dynamics
(CFD)
C-11 flumazenil PET, 61
Chiari malformation, 230–231
Choroid plexus, 223
Cingulate sulcus, 8
Circle of Willis, 25, 31
vascular varients, 30–31, 36
Circulation, CSF, 184–188
bolus injection, 187
constant infusion, 185–186
electrical model, 186
ICP, 186, 187
optimal pressure, 185
pressure-volume compensation, 184
production, 184
reabsorption, 184
storage, 185
C-11 methionine, 61
Commissural tracts, 31, 34, 37
Communicating hydrocephalus, 201
Compressive properties, of brain tissue
quasistatic and high loading rate tests,
81
relaxation moduli, 82
rheological test protocols, 82
soil consolidation tests, 83
strain rates, 81
Computational biomechanics
of brain in operating theatre
before surgery, 323–325
boundary conditions, 324
computational efficiency, 326
constitutive law, 324
constraint-based simulation during
tumour resection, 328–342
geometry, 323–324
intraoperative boundary conditions and
loads, 326
intraoperative imaging, 325
mechanical properties, 324
patient-specific model, 323–325
practicability and integration in surgical
workflow, 327
precomputations, 324
processing intraoperative images,
325–326
rendering information, 327
tissue resection, modelling, 326
validation and clinical studies, 327
finite element algorithms
brain-skull interactions for imageguided neurosurgery, 258–259
element formulation, 257–258
for injury, 246–249
for neurosurgery modelling,
251–257
non-linear formulation, 244–245
347
Cerebral bloodflow (CBF), 181
Cerebral contusion, 118
Cerebral elasticity, 185
Cerebral hemisphere, 8
association tracts, 34–35, 38
commissural tracts, 31, 34, 37
projection tracts, 36, 37, 39
Cerebral veins, 28, 35, 36
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 15
computational fluid dynamics modelling
boundary conditions, 221–224
existing models, 225–233
flow calculations, 224–225
fluid connections, 217–218
initial conditions, 224
ITK-SNAP, 219
model domain, 217–220
MRI, 217
perivascular space, 232–233
segmentation, 219–220
spatial discretisation, 221
subarachnoid space, 218–219, 227–232
ventricular space, 225–226
VMTK, 219
dynamics of
absorption, 183
baseline CSF pressure (pb), 189
circulation, 184–188
clinical applications, 199–210
elastance coefficient, 190
ICP waveform components, 191–192
infusion test, 188–189
long-term ICP monitoring, 189
in nonshunted patients, 208, 210
outflow, 182
pathophysiology, 182–184
phase-contrast MRI, 195–199
physiology, 182–184
pressure-volume curve, 190
production, 182
pulsatile flow, 183, 193–195
pulsatility, 189
pulse amplitude, 189
RAP index, 192–193
resistance to CSF outflow (RCSF),
189
in shunted patients, 201–206
shunting, 182
unobstructed flow, 182–183
Cerebrum, 8
CFD, See Computational fluid dynamics
(CFD)
C-11 flumazenil PET, 61
Chiari malformation, 230–231
Choroid plexus, 223
Cingulate sulcus, 8
Circle of Willis, 25, 31
vascular varients, 30–31, 36
Circulation, CSF, 184–188
bolus injection, 187
constant infusion, 185–186
electrical model, 186
ICP, 186, 187
optimal pressure, 185
pressure-volume compensation, 184
production, 184
reabsorption, 184
storage, 185
C-11 methionine, 61
Commissural tracts, 31, 34, 37
Communicating hydrocephalus, 201
Compressive properties, of brain tissue
quasistatic and high loading rate tests,
81
relaxation moduli, 82
rheological test protocols, 82
soil consolidation tests, 83
strain rates, 81
Computational biomechanics
of brain in operating theatre
before surgery, 323–325
boundary conditions, 324
computational efficiency, 326
constitutive law, 324
constraint-based simulation during
tumour resection, 328–342
geometry, 323–324
intraoperative boundary conditions and
loads, 326
intraoperative imaging, 325
mechanical properties, 324
patient-specific model, 323–325
practicability and integration in surgical
workflow, 327
precomputations, 324
processing intraoperative images,
325–326
rendering information, 327
tissue resection, modelling, 326
validation and clinical studies, 327
finite element algorithms
brain-skull interactions for imageguided neurosurgery, 258–259
element formulation, 257–258
for injury, 246–249
for neurosurgery modelling,
251–257
non-linear formulation, 244–245