348
Index
Computational biomechanics (cont.)
real-time computations without
supercomputers, 259–260
for surgery simulation, 249–347
verification, 260–267
meshless algorithms
adaptive integration scheme, 282–283
for computing soft tissue deformations,
275–282
explicit dynamics, stability of,
287–289
shape functions, 275–279
spatial integration schemes, 279–282
verification, 289–296
visibility criterion for modelling of
surgical dissection and soft tissue
rupture, 284–287
Computational efficiency, 326
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
boundary conditions, 221–224
existing models, 225–233
flow calculations, 224–225
fluid connections, 217–218
initial conditions, 224
ITK-SNAP, 219
model domain, 217–220
MRI, 217
perivascular space, 232–233
segmentation, 219–220
spatial discretisation, 221
subarachnoid space, 218–219, 227–232
ventricular space, 225–226
VMTK, 219
Computational mechanics, 3
Computed tomography, 309–310
Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM),
2
Computer-integrated surgery (CIS) systems,
2
Computer simulation, 3
Compute Unified Device Architecture
(CUDA), 259–260
Corpus callosum, 34
CORrelation and Analysis (CORA) method,
103
Cortex
inferior cortical surface, 12, 13
lateral cortical surface, 10–11
medial cortical surface, 11–12
Cortical surface
deformation, 311, 312
displacement, 310–312
Craniotomy, 54, 143, 145, 151, 171, 244, 266,
310–311, 325
CSF, See Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Cutting-/rupture-induced discontinuity,
284–285
Cyclotron, 52
D
Dartmouth College, 102
Dartmouth Head Injury Model (DHIM),
102
Deep brain stimulation (DBS), 305, 306
Deep cerebral veins, 28, 36
Deep grey nuclei, 12–14
Deformation
brain shift, 304–305
measurement of, 305–309
neuronavigation, 306–309
qualitative observations, 306
quantitative observations, 306
of cortical surface, 311, 312
of cylinder, 263
of ellipsoid, 265
hourglass control algorithm, verification of,
261–262
intraoperative imaging methods
cortical surface displacement,
310–312
MRI and computed tomography,
309–310
ultrasound, 313
swine, 244
3-D patient-specific meshless model,
282
Delassus operator, 333–334
Department of Transportation (DOT),
123
Diencephalon, 7, 8
Diffuse axonal injury (DAI), 119–120
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), 102
brain deformation, 304
clinical applications, 59
structural and functional, 49
tractography, 109
Digital brain atlases, 6
Dijkstra algorithm, 330
Dilatational wave speed, 247
Direct numerical simulation (DNS), 224
Doppler ultrasound (US), 313
DTI, see Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)
Dural sinuses, 26, 34
Index
Computational biomechanics (cont.)
real-time computations without
supercomputers, 259–260
for surgery simulation, 249–347
verification, 260–267
meshless algorithms
adaptive integration scheme, 282–283
for computing soft tissue deformations,
275–282
explicit dynamics, stability of,
287–289
shape functions, 275–279
spatial integration schemes, 279–282
verification, 289–296
visibility criterion for modelling of
surgical dissection and soft tissue
rupture, 284–287
Computational efficiency, 326
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
boundary conditions, 221–224
existing models, 225–233
flow calculations, 224–225
fluid connections, 217–218
initial conditions, 224
ITK-SNAP, 219
model domain, 217–220
MRI, 217
perivascular space, 232–233
segmentation, 219–220
spatial discretisation, 221
subarachnoid space, 218–219, 227–232
ventricular space, 225–226
VMTK, 219
Computational mechanics, 3
Computed tomography, 309–310
Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM),
2
Computer-integrated surgery (CIS) systems,
2
Computer simulation, 3
Compute Unified Device Architecture
(CUDA), 259–260
Corpus callosum, 34
CORrelation and Analysis (CORA) method,
103
Cortex
inferior cortical surface, 12, 13
lateral cortical surface, 10–11
medial cortical surface, 11–12
Cortical surface
deformation, 311, 312
displacement, 310–312
Craniotomy, 54, 143, 145, 151, 171, 244, 266,
310–311, 325
CSF, See Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Cutting-/rupture-induced discontinuity,
284–285
Cyclotron, 52
D
Dartmouth College, 102
Dartmouth Head Injury Model (DHIM),
102
Deep brain stimulation (DBS), 305, 306
Deep cerebral veins, 28, 36
Deep grey nuclei, 12–14
Deformation
brain shift, 304–305
measurement of, 305–309
neuronavigation, 306–309
qualitative observations, 306
quantitative observations, 306
of cortical surface, 311, 312
of cylinder, 263
of ellipsoid, 265
hourglass control algorithm, verification of,
261–262
intraoperative imaging methods
cortical surface displacement,
310–312
MRI and computed tomography,
309–310
ultrasound, 313
swine, 244
3-D patient-specific meshless model,
282
Delassus operator, 333–334
Department of Transportation (DOT),
123
Diencephalon, 7, 8
Diffuse axonal injury (DAI), 119–120
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), 102
brain deformation, 304
clinical applications, 59
structural and functional, 49
tractography, 109
Digital brain atlases, 6
Dijkstra algorithm, 330
Dilatational wave speed, 247
Direct numerical simulation (DNS), 224
Doppler ultrasound (US), 313
DTI, see Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)
Dural sinuses, 26, 34