240
V. Kurtcuoglu et al.
111. Martin, B.A., Kalata, W., Shaffer, N., Fischer, P., Luciano, M., Loth, F.: Hydrodynamic
and longitudinal impedance analysis of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics at the craniovertebral
junction in type I Chiari malformation. PLoS One. 8(10), e75335 (2013)
112. Shaffer, N., Martin, B.A., Rocque, B., Madura, C., Wieben, O., Iskandar, B.J., Dombrowski,
S., Luciano, M., Oshinski, J.N., Loth, F.: Cerebrospinal fluid flow impedance is elevated in
type I Chiari malformation. J. Biomech. Eng. 136(2), 021012 (2014)
113. Pahlavian, S.H., Loth, F., Oshinski, J.N., Luciano, M.G., Martin, B.A.: Cardiac related
neural tissue motion impacts cerebrospinal fluid dynamics at the cervical-medullary junction:
a patient-specific moving-boundary computational fluid dynamics model of type 1 Chiari
malformation. Ann. Biomed. Eng. (2015)
114. Papisov, M.I., Belov, V.V., Gannon, K.S.: Physiology of the Intrathecal bolus: the Leptomeningeal route for macromolecule and particle delivery to CNS. Mol. Pharm. 10(5),
1522–1532 (2013)
115. O’Donnell, J., Ding, F., Nedergaard, M.: Distinct functional states of astrocytes during sleep
and wakefulness: is norepinephrine the master regulator? Curr. Sleep Med. Rep. 1(1), 1–8
(2015)
116. Patel, T., Zhou, J.B., Piepmeier, J.M., Saltzman, W.M.: Polymeric nanoparticles for drug
delivery to the central nervous system. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 64(7), 701–705 (2012)
117. Lu, C.T., Zhao, Y.Z., Wong, H.L., Cai, J., Peng, L., Tian, X.Q.: Current approaches to enhance
CNS delivery of drugs across the brain barriers. Int. J. Nanomedicine. 9, 2241–2256 (2014)
118. Watanabe, Y., Kazuki, Y., Kazuki, K., Ebiki, M., Nakanishi, M., Nakamura, K., Yoshida
Yamakawa, M., Hosokawa, H., Ohbayashi, T., Oshimura, M., Nakashima, K.: Use of a human
artificial chromosome for delivering trophic factors in a rodent model of amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis. Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids. 4, e253 (2015)
119. Deepa, P., Shahani, N., Alladi, P.A., Vijayalakshmi, K., Sathyaprabha, T.N., Nalini, A.,
Ravi, V., Raju, T.R.: Down regulation of trophic factors in neonatal rat spinal cord after
administration of cerebrospinal fluid from sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. J.
Neural Transm. 118(4), 531–538 (2011)
120. Myers, M.R.: A numerical investigation into factors affecting anesthetic distribution during
spinal anesthesia. J. Biomech. 29(2), 139–149 (1996)
121. Kuttler, A., Dimke, T., Kern, S., Helmlinger, G., Stanski, D., Finelli, L.A.: Understanding
pharmacokinetics using realistic computational models of fluid dynamics: biosimulation of
drug distribution within the CSF space for intrathecal drugs. J. Pharmacokinet. Pharmacodyn.
37(6), 629–644 (2010)
122. Hsu, Y., Hettiarachchi, H.D., Zhu, D.C., Linninger, A.A.: The frequency and magnitude
of cerebrospinal fluid pulsations influence intrathecal drug distribution: key factors for
interpatient variability. Anesth. Analg. 115(2), 386–394 (2012)
123. Haga, P.T., Pizzichelli, G., Mortensen, M., Kuchta, M., Pahlavian, S.H., Sinibaldi, E., Martin,
B.A., Mardal, K.A.: A numerical investigation of intrathecal isobaric drug dispersion within
the cervical subarachnoid space. PLoS One. 12(3), e0173680 (2017)
124. Tangen, K.M., Leval, R., Mehta, A.I., Linninger, A.A.: Computational and in vitro experimental investigation of intrathecal drug distribution: parametric study of the effect of injection
volume, cerebrospinal fluid pulsatility, and drug uptake. Anesth. Analg. 124(5), 1686–1696
(2017)
125. Tangen, K.M., Hsu, Y., Zhu, D.C., Linninger, A.A.: CNS wide simulation of flow resistance
and drug transport due to spinal microanatomy. J. Biomech. 48(10), 2144–2154 (2015)
126. Linninger, A.A., Somayaji, M.R., Mekarski, M., Zhang, L.: Prediction of convectionenhanced drug delivery to the human brain. J. Theor. Biol. 250(1), 125–138 (2008)
127. Sarntinoranont, M., Banerjee, R.K., Lonser, R.R., Morrison, P.F.: A computational model of
direct interstitial infusion of macromolecules into the spinal cord. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 31(4),
448–461 (2003)
128. Støverud, K.H., Darcis, M., Helmig, R., Hassanizadeh, S.M.: Modeling concentration
distribution and deformation during convection-enhanced drug delivery into brain tissue.
Transp. Porous Media. 92(1), 119–143 (2012)
V. Kurtcuoglu et al.
111. Martin, B.A., Kalata, W., Shaffer, N., Fischer, P., Luciano, M., Loth, F.: Hydrodynamic
and longitudinal impedance analysis of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics at the craniovertebral
junction in type I Chiari malformation. PLoS One. 8(10), e75335 (2013)
112. Shaffer, N., Martin, B.A., Rocque, B., Madura, C., Wieben, O., Iskandar, B.J., Dombrowski,
S., Luciano, M., Oshinski, J.N., Loth, F.: Cerebrospinal fluid flow impedance is elevated in
type I Chiari malformation. J. Biomech. Eng. 136(2), 021012 (2014)
113. Pahlavian, S.H., Loth, F., Oshinski, J.N., Luciano, M.G., Martin, B.A.: Cardiac related
neural tissue motion impacts cerebrospinal fluid dynamics at the cervical-medullary junction:
a patient-specific moving-boundary computational fluid dynamics model of type 1 Chiari
malformation. Ann. Biomed. Eng. (2015)
114. Papisov, M.I., Belov, V.V., Gannon, K.S.: Physiology of the Intrathecal bolus: the Leptomeningeal route for macromolecule and particle delivery to CNS. Mol. Pharm. 10(5),
1522–1532 (2013)
115. O’Donnell, J., Ding, F., Nedergaard, M.: Distinct functional states of astrocytes during sleep
and wakefulness: is norepinephrine the master regulator? Curr. Sleep Med. Rep. 1(1), 1–8
(2015)
116. Patel, T., Zhou, J.B., Piepmeier, J.M., Saltzman, W.M.: Polymeric nanoparticles for drug
delivery to the central nervous system. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 64(7), 701–705 (2012)
117. Lu, C.T., Zhao, Y.Z., Wong, H.L., Cai, J., Peng, L., Tian, X.Q.: Current approaches to enhance
CNS delivery of drugs across the brain barriers. Int. J. Nanomedicine. 9, 2241–2256 (2014)
118. Watanabe, Y., Kazuki, Y., Kazuki, K., Ebiki, M., Nakanishi, M., Nakamura, K., Yoshida
Yamakawa, M., Hosokawa, H., Ohbayashi, T., Oshimura, M., Nakashima, K.: Use of a human
artificial chromosome for delivering trophic factors in a rodent model of amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis. Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acids. 4, e253 (2015)
119. Deepa, P., Shahani, N., Alladi, P.A., Vijayalakshmi, K., Sathyaprabha, T.N., Nalini, A.,
Ravi, V., Raju, T.R.: Down regulation of trophic factors in neonatal rat spinal cord after
administration of cerebrospinal fluid from sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. J.
Neural Transm. 118(4), 531–538 (2011)
120. Myers, M.R.: A numerical investigation into factors affecting anesthetic distribution during
spinal anesthesia. J. Biomech. 29(2), 139–149 (1996)
121. Kuttler, A., Dimke, T., Kern, S., Helmlinger, G., Stanski, D., Finelli, L.A.: Understanding
pharmacokinetics using realistic computational models of fluid dynamics: biosimulation of
drug distribution within the CSF space for intrathecal drugs. J. Pharmacokinet. Pharmacodyn.
37(6), 629–644 (2010)
122. Hsu, Y., Hettiarachchi, H.D., Zhu, D.C., Linninger, A.A.: The frequency and magnitude
of cerebrospinal fluid pulsations influence intrathecal drug distribution: key factors for
interpatient variability. Anesth. Analg. 115(2), 386–394 (2012)
123. Haga, P.T., Pizzichelli, G., Mortensen, M., Kuchta, M., Pahlavian, S.H., Sinibaldi, E., Martin,
B.A., Mardal, K.A.: A numerical investigation of intrathecal isobaric drug dispersion within
the cervical subarachnoid space. PLoS One. 12(3), e0173680 (2017)
124. Tangen, K.M., Leval, R., Mehta, A.I., Linninger, A.A.: Computational and in vitro experimental investigation of intrathecal drug distribution: parametric study of the effect of injection
volume, cerebrospinal fluid pulsatility, and drug uptake. Anesth. Analg. 124(5), 1686–1696
(2017)
125. Tangen, K.M., Hsu, Y., Zhu, D.C., Linninger, A.A.: CNS wide simulation of flow resistance
and drug transport due to spinal microanatomy. J. Biomech. 48(10), 2144–2154 (2015)
126. Linninger, A.A., Somayaji, M.R., Mekarski, M., Zhang, L.: Prediction of convectionenhanced drug delivery to the human brain. J. Theor. Biol. 250(1), 125–138 (2008)
127. Sarntinoranont, M., Banerjee, R.K., Lonser, R.R., Morrison, P.F.: A computational model of
direct interstitial infusion of macromolecules into the spinal cord. Ann. Biomed. Eng. 31(4),
448–461 (2003)
128. Støverud, K.H., Darcis, M., Helmig, R., Hassanizadeh, S.M.: Modeling concentration
distribution and deformation during convection-enhanced drug delivery into brain tissue.
Transp. Porous Media. 92(1), 119–143 (2012)