9 Modelling of Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow by Computational Fluid Dynamics
239
90. Lockey, P., Poots, G., Williams, B.: Theoretical aspects of the attenuation of pressure pulses
within cerebrospinal-fluid pathways. Med. Biol. Eng. 13(6), 861–869 (1975)
91. Berkouk, K., Carpenter, P.W., Lucey, A.D.: Pressure wave propagation in fluid-filled co-axial
elastic tubes, part 1: basic theory. J. Biomech. Eng. 125(6), 852–856 (2003)
92. Carpenter, P.W., Berkouk, K., Lucey, A.D.: Pressure wave propagation in fluid-filled co-axial
elastic tubes, part 2: mechanisms for the pathogenesis of syringomyelia. J. Biomech. Eng.
125(6), 857–863 (2003)
93. Carpenter, P.W., Berkouk, K., Lucey, A.D.: A theoretical model of pressure wave propagation
in the human spinal CSF system. Eng. Mech. 6(4/5), 213–228 (1999)
94. Bertram, C.D., Brodbelt, A.R., Stoodley, M.A.: The origins of syringomyelia: numerical
models of fluid/structure interactions in the spinal cord. J. Biomech. Eng. 127(7), 1099–1109
(2005)
95. Elliott, N.S.J., Lockerby, D.A., Brodbelt, A.R.: The pathogenesis of syringomyelia: a reevaluation of the elastic-jump hypothesis. J. Biomech. Eng. 131(4), 044503–1–6 (2009)
96. Chang, H.S., Nakagawa, H.: Hypothesis on the pathophysiology of syringomyelia based on
simulation of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 74(3), 344–347
(2003)
97. Bertram, C.D., Bilston, L.E., Stoodley, M.A.: Tensile radial stress in the spinal cord related
to arachnoiditis or tethering: a numerical model. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 46(7), 701–707
(2008)
98. Bertram, C.D., Heil, M.: A poroelastic fluid/structure-interaction model of cerebrospinal
fluid dynamics in the cord with syringomyelia and adjacent subarachnoid-space stenosis. J.
Biomech. Eng. 139(1), (2017)
99. Heil, M., Bertram, C.D.: A poroelastic fluid-structure interaction model of syringomyelia. J.
Fluid Mech. 809, 360–389 (2016)
100. Elliott, N.S., Lockerby, D.A., Brodbelt, A.R.: A lumped-parameter model of the cerebrospinal
system for investigating arterial-driven flow in posttraumatic syringomyelia. Med. Eng. Phys.
33(7), 874–882 (2011)
101. Elliott, N.S.: Syrinx fluid transport: modeling pressure-wave-induced flux across the spinal
pial membrane. J. Biomech. Eng. 134(3), 031006 (2012)
102. Elliott, N.S.J., Lucey, A.D., Lockerby, D.A., Brodbelt, A.R.: Fluid-structure interactions in
a cylindrical layered wave guide with application in the spinal column to syringomyelia. J.
Fluids Struct. 70, 464–499 (2017)
103. Cirovic, S., Lloyd, R., Jovanovik, J., Volk, H.A., Rusbridge, C.: Computer simulation of
syringomyelia in dogs. BMC Vet. Res. 14(1), 82 (2018)
104. Cirovic, S.: A coaxial tube model of the cerebrospinal fluid pulse propagation in the spinal
column. J. Biomech. Eng. 131(2), 021008 (2009)
105. Cirovic, S., Kim, M.: A one-dimensional model of the spinal cerebrospinal-fluid compartment. J. Biomech. Eng. 134(2), 021005 (2012)
106. Cheng, S., Fletcher, D., Hemley, S., Stoodley, M., Bilston, L.: Effects of fluid structure
interaction in a three dimensional model of the spinal subarachnoid space. J. Biomech. 47(11),
2826–2830 (2014)
107. Cheng, S., Stoodley, M.A., Wong, J., Hemley, S., Fletcher, D.F., Bilston, L.E.: The presence
of arachnoiditis affects the characteristics of CSF flow in the spinal subarachnoid space: a
modelling study. J. Biomech. 45(7), 1186–1191 (2012)
108. Bilston, L.E., Fletcher, D.F., Stoodley, M.A.: Focal spinal arachnoiditis increases subarachnoid space pressure: a computational study. Clin. Biomech. 21(6), 579–584 (2006)
109. Roldan, A., Wieben, O., Haughton, V., Osswald, T., Chesler, N.: Characterization of CSF
hydrodynamics in the presence and absence of tonsillar ectopia by means of computational
flow analysis. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 30(5), 941–946 (2009)
110. Linge, S.O., Haughton, V., Lovgren, A.E., Mardal, K.A., Helgeland, A., Langtangen, H.P.:
Effect of tonsillar herniation on cyclic CSF flow studied with computational flow analysis.
Am. J. Neuroradiol. 32(8), 1474–1481 (2011)
239
90. Lockey, P., Poots, G., Williams, B.: Theoretical aspects of the attenuation of pressure pulses
within cerebrospinal-fluid pathways. Med. Biol. Eng. 13(6), 861–869 (1975)
91. Berkouk, K., Carpenter, P.W., Lucey, A.D.: Pressure wave propagation in fluid-filled co-axial
elastic tubes, part 1: basic theory. J. Biomech. Eng. 125(6), 852–856 (2003)
92. Carpenter, P.W., Berkouk, K., Lucey, A.D.: Pressure wave propagation in fluid-filled co-axial
elastic tubes, part 2: mechanisms for the pathogenesis of syringomyelia. J. Biomech. Eng.
125(6), 857–863 (2003)
93. Carpenter, P.W., Berkouk, K., Lucey, A.D.: A theoretical model of pressure wave propagation
in the human spinal CSF system. Eng. Mech. 6(4/5), 213–228 (1999)
94. Bertram, C.D., Brodbelt, A.R., Stoodley, M.A.: The origins of syringomyelia: numerical
models of fluid/structure interactions in the spinal cord. J. Biomech. Eng. 127(7), 1099–1109
(2005)
95. Elliott, N.S.J., Lockerby, D.A., Brodbelt, A.R.: The pathogenesis of syringomyelia: a reevaluation of the elastic-jump hypothesis. J. Biomech. Eng. 131(4), 044503–1–6 (2009)
96. Chang, H.S., Nakagawa, H.: Hypothesis on the pathophysiology of syringomyelia based on
simulation of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 74(3), 344–347
(2003)
97. Bertram, C.D., Bilston, L.E., Stoodley, M.A.: Tensile radial stress in the spinal cord related
to arachnoiditis or tethering: a numerical model. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 46(7), 701–707
(2008)
98. Bertram, C.D., Heil, M.: A poroelastic fluid/structure-interaction model of cerebrospinal
fluid dynamics in the cord with syringomyelia and adjacent subarachnoid-space stenosis. J.
Biomech. Eng. 139(1), (2017)
99. Heil, M., Bertram, C.D.: A poroelastic fluid-structure interaction model of syringomyelia. J.
Fluid Mech. 809, 360–389 (2016)
100. Elliott, N.S., Lockerby, D.A., Brodbelt, A.R.: A lumped-parameter model of the cerebrospinal
system for investigating arterial-driven flow in posttraumatic syringomyelia. Med. Eng. Phys.
33(7), 874–882 (2011)
101. Elliott, N.S.: Syrinx fluid transport: modeling pressure-wave-induced flux across the spinal
pial membrane. J. Biomech. Eng. 134(3), 031006 (2012)
102. Elliott, N.S.J., Lucey, A.D., Lockerby, D.A., Brodbelt, A.R.: Fluid-structure interactions in
a cylindrical layered wave guide with application in the spinal column to syringomyelia. J.
Fluids Struct. 70, 464–499 (2017)
103. Cirovic, S., Lloyd, R., Jovanovik, J., Volk, H.A., Rusbridge, C.: Computer simulation of
syringomyelia in dogs. BMC Vet. Res. 14(1), 82 (2018)
104. Cirovic, S.: A coaxial tube model of the cerebrospinal fluid pulse propagation in the spinal
column. J. Biomech. Eng. 131(2), 021008 (2009)
105. Cirovic, S., Kim, M.: A one-dimensional model of the spinal cerebrospinal-fluid compartment. J. Biomech. Eng. 134(2), 021005 (2012)
106. Cheng, S., Fletcher, D., Hemley, S., Stoodley, M., Bilston, L.: Effects of fluid structure
interaction in a three dimensional model of the spinal subarachnoid space. J. Biomech. 47(11),
2826–2830 (2014)
107. Cheng, S., Stoodley, M.A., Wong, J., Hemley, S., Fletcher, D.F., Bilston, L.E.: The presence
of arachnoiditis affects the characteristics of CSF flow in the spinal subarachnoid space: a
modelling study. J. Biomech. 45(7), 1186–1191 (2012)
108. Bilston, L.E., Fletcher, D.F., Stoodley, M.A.: Focal spinal arachnoiditis increases subarachnoid space pressure: a computational study. Clin. Biomech. 21(6), 579–584 (2006)
109. Roldan, A., Wieben, O., Haughton, V., Osswald, T., Chesler, N.: Characterization of CSF
hydrodynamics in the presence and absence of tonsillar ectopia by means of computational
flow analysis. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 30(5), 941–946 (2009)
110. Linge, S.O., Haughton, V., Lovgren, A.E., Mardal, K.A., Helgeland, A., Langtangen, H.P.:
Effect of tonsillar herniation on cyclic CSF flow studied with computational flow analysis.
Am. J. Neuroradiol. 32(8), 1474–1481 (2011)