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3 Study of Electrophysical Characteristics of Blood …
First, we consider the cells with the highest concentration in blood (erythrocytes).
An erythrocyte is a cell that has the shape of a biconcave disk. The cell does not
contain a nucleus and a specific protein (hemoglobin) is the main component of
cytoplasm. In normal blood, from 70 to 80% of erythrocytes have the spherical
biconcave shape and different shapes are possible for the remaining 20–30% of the
cells (e.g., spherical, oval, bowl-shaped, etc.). The erythrocyte shape is sensitive to
several diseases: in particular, sickle cells are typical of sicklemia [1, 2].
Leucocytes are blood cells that can be divided into granulocytes, which exhibit
granules, and agranulocytes, which are free of granules. Neutrophils, eosinophils,
and basophils are classified as granulocytes [1, 2].
A neutrophil is a circular cell with an uncommon rod-shaped nucleus. Neutrophils
with rod-shaped and lobed nuclei are young and mature cells, respectively. Most
neutrophils in blood are cells with lobed nuclei (65%), and the content of the planenucleus cells is no greater than 5%.
Similarly to the neutrophil, an eosinophil is a circular cell with rod-shaped or
lobed nucleus. The cytoplasm of this cell contains relatively large granules with
identical sizes and shapes [1, 2].
A basophil is a circular cell with the rod-shaped or lobed nucleus. The cytoplasm
contains granules with different sizes and shapes [1, 2].
Monocytes and lymphocytes are classified as agranulocytes.
Monocytes and lymphocytes are classified as agranulocytes. A monocyte is an
agranulocyte (i.e., a cell that does not contain granules) with an almost triangular
shape and a large nucleus that can be circular, beanlike, etc.
A lymphocyte is a circular cell with a variable size and a relatively large circular
nucleus. Lymphocytes are formed from lymphoblasts in bone marrow, where the
remaining blood cells are formed, and exhibit several divisions in the course of
maturation.
A thrombocyte is a relatively small circular or oval nucleus-free cell. In this work,
we construct an electrodynamic model of the interaction of laser radiation with blood
cells for the prediction of the electrophysical properties. Optical intracavity methods
are efficient tools for the study of processes in complicated biological systems.
The problem consists of three consecutive stages.
At the first stage, we consider the scattering by a particle in which the nucleus is
shifted relative to the center. Note the variable position of the nucleus in the cell. In
particular, the nucleus is often located at the center in young and embryo cells. The
growth of the cell and an increase in the rate of metabolic processes may lead to a
shift of the nucleus, which is always embedded in cytoplasm.
At the second stage, we solve the problem of multiple scattering by an ensemble
of spheres that is used to simulate the biological medium (blood formed elements)
in the optical cavity. In this case, we self-consistently take into account the multiple
scattering by a set of particles with nonconcentric inclusions and propose a solution
for the eigenfrequencies of the optical cavity with a cuvette that contains particles
with complicated structures.
3 Study of Electrophysical Characteristics of Blood …
First, we consider the cells with the highest concentration in blood (erythrocytes).
An erythrocyte is a cell that has the shape of a biconcave disk. The cell does not
contain a nucleus and a specific protein (hemoglobin) is the main component of
cytoplasm. In normal blood, from 70 to 80% of erythrocytes have the spherical
biconcave shape and different shapes are possible for the remaining 20–30% of the
cells (e.g., spherical, oval, bowl-shaped, etc.). The erythrocyte shape is sensitive to
several diseases: in particular, sickle cells are typical of sicklemia [1, 2].
Leucocytes are blood cells that can be divided into granulocytes, which exhibit
granules, and agranulocytes, which are free of granules. Neutrophils, eosinophils,
and basophils are classified as granulocytes [1, 2].
A neutrophil is a circular cell with an uncommon rod-shaped nucleus. Neutrophils
with rod-shaped and lobed nuclei are young and mature cells, respectively. Most
neutrophils in blood are cells with lobed nuclei (65%), and the content of the planenucleus cells is no greater than 5%.
Similarly to the neutrophil, an eosinophil is a circular cell with rod-shaped or
lobed nucleus. The cytoplasm of this cell contains relatively large granules with
identical sizes and shapes [1, 2].
A basophil is a circular cell with the rod-shaped or lobed nucleus. The cytoplasm
contains granules with different sizes and shapes [1, 2].
Monocytes and lymphocytes are classified as agranulocytes.
Monocytes and lymphocytes are classified as agranulocytes. A monocyte is an
agranulocyte (i.e., a cell that does not contain granules) with an almost triangular
shape and a large nucleus that can be circular, beanlike, etc.
A lymphocyte is a circular cell with a variable size and a relatively large circular
nucleus. Lymphocytes are formed from lymphoblasts in bone marrow, where the
remaining blood cells are formed, and exhibit several divisions in the course of
maturation.
A thrombocyte is a relatively small circular or oval nucleus-free cell. In this work,
we construct an electrodynamic model of the interaction of laser radiation with blood
cells for the prediction of the electrophysical properties. Optical intracavity methods
are efficient tools for the study of processes in complicated biological systems.
The problem consists of three consecutive stages.
At the first stage, we consider the scattering by a particle in which the nucleus is
shifted relative to the center. Note the variable position of the nucleus in the cell. In
particular, the nucleus is often located at the center in young and embryo cells. The
growth of the cell and an increase in the rate of metabolic processes may lead to a
shift of the nucleus, which is always embedded in cytoplasm.
At the second stage, we solve the problem of multiple scattering by an ensemble
of spheres that is used to simulate the biological medium (blood formed elements)
in the optical cavity. In this case, we self-consistently take into account the multiple
scattering by a set of particles with nonconcentric inclusions and propose a solution
for the eigenfrequencies of the optical cavity with a cuvette that contains particles
with complicated structures.