20. J. Liu, M. Yu, X. Ning, C. Zhou, S. Yang, J. Zheng, PEGylation and Zwitterionization: pros
and cons in the renal clearance and tumor targeting of near-IR-emitting gold nanoparticles.
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 52(48), 12572–12576 (2013)
21. L. Cheng, D. Jiang, A. Kamkaew, H.F. Valdovinos, H.-J. Im, L. Feng et al., Renal-clearable
PEGylated porphyrin nanoparticles for image-guided photodynamic cancer therapy. Adv.
Funct. Mater. 27, 34 (2017)
22. A. Ruggiero, C.H. Villa, E. Bander, D.A. Rey, M. Bergkvist, C.A. Batt et al., Paradoxical
glomerular filtration of carbon nanotubes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107(27), 12369–
12374 (2010)
23. L. Lacerda, A. Soundararajan, R. Singh, G. Pastorin, K.T. Al-Jamal, J. Turton et al., Dynamic
Imaging of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube systemic circulation and urinary
excretion. Adv. Mater. 20(2), 225 (2008)
24. M.F. Tosi, Innate immune responses to infection. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 116(2), 241–249
(2005); quiz 50
25. J.V. Sarma, P.A. Ward, The complement system. Cell Tissue Res. 343(1), 227–235 (2011)
26. M.L. Litvack, N. Palaniyar, Review: Soluble innate immune pattern-recognition proteins for
clearing dying cells and cellular components: implications on exacerbating or resolving
inflammation. Innate Immun. 16(3), 191–200 (2010)
27. M. Lundqvist, J. Stigler, G. Elia, I. Lynch, T. Cedervall, K.A. Dawson, Nanoparticle size and
surface properties determine the protein corona with possible implications for biological
impacts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105(38), 14265–14270 (2008)
28. S. Nie, Understanding and overcoming major barriers in cancer nanomedicine. Nanomedicine
(Lond.) 5(4), 523–528 (2010)
29. A. Gessner, A. Lieske, B. Paulke, R. Muller, Influence of surface charge density on protein
adsorption on polymeric nanoparticles: analysis by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Eur.
J. Pharm. Biopharm. 54(2), 165–170 (2002)
30. A. Vonarbourg, C. Passirani, P. Saulnier, J.P. Benoit, Parameters influencing the stealthiness
of colloidal drug delivery systems. Biomaterials 27(24), 4356–4373 (2006)
31. P. Aggarwal, J.B. Hall, C.B. McLeland, M.A. Dobrovolskaia, S.E. McNeil, Nanoparticle
interaction with plasma proteins as it relates to particle biodistribution, biocompatibility and
therapeutic efficacy. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 61(6), 428–437 (2009)
32. C.D. Walkey, W.C. Chan, Understanding and controlling the interaction of nanomaterials
with proteins in a physiological environment. Chem. Soc. Rev. 41(7), 2780–2799 (2012)
33. M.M. Frank, L.F. Fries, The role of complement in inflammation and phagocytosis. Immunol.
Today 12(9), 322–326 (1991)
34. E. Blanco, H. Shen, M. Ferrari, Principles of nanoparticle design for overcoming biological
barriers to drug delivery. Nat. Biotechnol. 33(9), 941–951 (2015)
35. E. Boros, A.M. Bowen, L. Josephson, N. Vasdev, J.P. Holland, Chelate-free metal ion
binding and heat-induced radiolabeling of iron oxide nanoparticles. Chem. Sci. 6(1), 225–236
(2015)
36. F. Chen, S. Goel, H.F. Valdovinos, H. Luo, R. Hernandez, T.E. Barnhart et al., In vivo
integrity and biological fate of chelator-free zirconium-89-labeled mesoporous silica
nanoparticles. ACS Nano 9(8), 7950–7959 (2015)
37. Y. Zhan, F. Ai, F. Chen, H.F. Valdovinos, H. Orbay, H. Sun et al., Intrinsically zirconium-89
labeled Gd2O2S: Eu nanoprobes for in vivo positron emission tomography and
gamma-ray-induced radioluminescence imaging. Small 12(21), 2872–2876 (2016)
38. S. Shi, B.C. Fliss, Z. Gu, Y. Zhu, H. Hong, H.F. Valdovinos et al., Chelator-free labeling of
layered double hydroxide nanoparticles for in vivo PET imaging. Sci. Rep. 5, 16930 (2015)
39. M.A. Abdelhalim, B.M. Jarrar, Histological alterations in the liver of rats induced by different
gold nanoparticle sizes, doses and exposure duration. J. Nanobioechnol. 10, 5 (2012)
40. H.J. Seo, S.H. Nam, H.J. Im, J.Y. Park, J.Y. Lee, B. Yoo et al., Rapid hepatobiliary excretion
of micelle-encapsulated/radiolabeled upconverting nanoparticles as an integrated form. Sci.
Rep. 5, 15685 (2015)
366
H.-J. Im
and cons in the renal clearance and tumor targeting of near-IR-emitting gold nanoparticles.
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 52(48), 12572–12576 (2013)
21. L. Cheng, D. Jiang, A. Kamkaew, H.F. Valdovinos, H.-J. Im, L. Feng et al., Renal-clearable
PEGylated porphyrin nanoparticles for image-guided photodynamic cancer therapy. Adv.
Funct. Mater. 27, 34 (2017)
22. A. Ruggiero, C.H. Villa, E. Bander, D.A. Rey, M. Bergkvist, C.A. Batt et al., Paradoxical
glomerular filtration of carbon nanotubes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107(27), 12369–
12374 (2010)
23. L. Lacerda, A. Soundararajan, R. Singh, G. Pastorin, K.T. Al-Jamal, J. Turton et al., Dynamic
Imaging of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube systemic circulation and urinary
excretion. Adv. Mater. 20(2), 225 (2008)
24. M.F. Tosi, Innate immune responses to infection. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 116(2), 241–249
(2005); quiz 50
25. J.V. Sarma, P.A. Ward, The complement system. Cell Tissue Res. 343(1), 227–235 (2011)
26. M.L. Litvack, N. Palaniyar, Review: Soluble innate immune pattern-recognition proteins for
clearing dying cells and cellular components: implications on exacerbating or resolving
inflammation. Innate Immun. 16(3), 191–200 (2010)
27. M. Lundqvist, J. Stigler, G. Elia, I. Lynch, T. Cedervall, K.A. Dawson, Nanoparticle size and
surface properties determine the protein corona with possible implications for biological
impacts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105(38), 14265–14270 (2008)
28. S. Nie, Understanding and overcoming major barriers in cancer nanomedicine. Nanomedicine
(Lond.) 5(4), 523–528 (2010)
29. A. Gessner, A. Lieske, B. Paulke, R. Muller, Influence of surface charge density on protein
adsorption on polymeric nanoparticles: analysis by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Eur.
J. Pharm. Biopharm. 54(2), 165–170 (2002)
30. A. Vonarbourg, C. Passirani, P. Saulnier, J.P. Benoit, Parameters influencing the stealthiness
of colloidal drug delivery systems. Biomaterials 27(24), 4356–4373 (2006)
31. P. Aggarwal, J.B. Hall, C.B. McLeland, M.A. Dobrovolskaia, S.E. McNeil, Nanoparticle
interaction with plasma proteins as it relates to particle biodistribution, biocompatibility and
therapeutic efficacy. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 61(6), 428–437 (2009)
32. C.D. Walkey, W.C. Chan, Understanding and controlling the interaction of nanomaterials
with proteins in a physiological environment. Chem. Soc. Rev. 41(7), 2780–2799 (2012)
33. M.M. Frank, L.F. Fries, The role of complement in inflammation and phagocytosis. Immunol.
Today 12(9), 322–326 (1991)
34. E. Blanco, H. Shen, M. Ferrari, Principles of nanoparticle design for overcoming biological
barriers to drug delivery. Nat. Biotechnol. 33(9), 941–951 (2015)
35. E. Boros, A.M. Bowen, L. Josephson, N. Vasdev, J.P. Holland, Chelate-free metal ion
binding and heat-induced radiolabeling of iron oxide nanoparticles. Chem. Sci. 6(1), 225–236
(2015)
36. F. Chen, S. Goel, H.F. Valdovinos, H. Luo, R. Hernandez, T.E. Barnhart et al., In vivo
integrity and biological fate of chelator-free zirconium-89-labeled mesoporous silica
nanoparticles. ACS Nano 9(8), 7950–7959 (2015)
37. Y. Zhan, F. Ai, F. Chen, H.F. Valdovinos, H. Orbay, H. Sun et al., Intrinsically zirconium-89
labeled Gd2O2S: Eu nanoprobes for in vivo positron emission tomography and
gamma-ray-induced radioluminescence imaging. Small 12(21), 2872–2876 (2016)
38. S. Shi, B.C. Fliss, Z. Gu, Y. Zhu, H. Hong, H.F. Valdovinos et al., Chelator-free labeling of
layered double hydroxide nanoparticles for in vivo PET imaging. Sci. Rep. 5, 16930 (2015)
39. M.A. Abdelhalim, B.M. Jarrar, Histological alterations in the liver of rats induced by different
gold nanoparticle sizes, doses and exposure duration. J. Nanobioechnol. 10, 5 (2012)
40. H.J. Seo, S.H. Nam, H.J. Im, J.Y. Park, J.Y. Lee, B. Yoo et al., Rapid hepatobiliary excretion
of micelle-encapsulated/radiolabeled upconverting nanoparticles as an integrated form. Sci.
Rep. 5, 15685 (2015)
366
H.-J. Im