Table 19.1
Renal excretable nanoparticles
Nanoparticle
core
Surface coating
Core size/
HD
Strategy
Animal model
Imaging
Quantification Renal
clearance
References
Quantum dot
Cystein
2.9/4.4
Ultrasmall
core + Zwitterionic
surface
SD rats
Fluorescence Gamma
counting
75%ID
in 4 h
[4]
cRGD-cystein
3.4/5.5
Ultrasmall
core + Zwitterionic
surface
Tumor bearing
CD-1 mice
Fluorescence Gamma
counting
>65%ID
in 4 h
[5]
GPI-cystein
3.4/5.5
Ultrasmall
core + Zwitterionic
surface
Tumor bearing
CD-1 mice
Fluorescence Gamma
counting
>65%ID
in 4 h
[5]
AuNP
GSH
1.7/2.1
Ultrasmall
core + Zwitterionic
surface
BALB/c
Fluorescence/
CT
ICP–MS
>50%ID
in 24 h
[6]
198
Au doped/GSH
2.6/3.0
Ultrasmall
core + Zwitterionic
surface
BALB/c
Fluorescence/
SPECT
Gamma
counting
>50%ID
in 48 h
[7]
111
In–DTPA
2.4/6.6
Ultrasmall
core + Zwitterionic
surface
FISHER rats
Fluorescence/
SPECT
Gamma
counting
64%ID
in 24 h
[8]
64
Cu–NOTA, GSH
2–3/2.6
Ultrasmall
core + Zwitterionic
surface
BALB/c mice
PET
Gamma
counting
>75%ID
in 24 h
[9]
FA–PEG1000-GSH
2.0, 6.1
Ultrasmall
core + PEGylation
Tumor-bearing
BALB/c mice
Fluorescence None
NR
[10]
Silica
nanoparticles
(Cornell dots)
PEG500
NR/3.3
Ultrasmall
core + PEGylation
Nude mice
Fluorescence Fluorescence
73%ID
in 48 h
[11]
(continued)
19 Excretion and Clearance
351