addressed. With the improvement of above-mentioned issues, radiolabeled NPs can
be successfully translated to clinical use.
The advantage of multifunctional radionanomedicines for in vivo application is
that the amount of NPs can be decreased as low as possible even to trace amount.
And multifunctional radionanomedicines can eliminate the concerns about the
possible hazards of administering pharmacologic amount of NPs, and be used in a
versatile way for a multiradioisotope or multitargeting approach. Finally, the tracer
principle of this technology behind radionanomedicine using multifunctional
radionanomaterials will help imaging and quantification so as to stimulate the
progress of the translation of nanomedicine.
References
1. X. Sun, W. Cai, X. Chen, Positron emission tomography imaging using radiolabeled
inorganic nanomaterials. Acc. Chem. Res. 48(2), 286–294 (2015)
2. D.S. Lee, H.J. Im, Y.S. Lee, Radionanomedicine: widened perspectives of molecular
theragnosis. Nanomedicine 11(4), 795–810 (2015)
3. Y.-S. Lee, Y. Kim, D.S. Lee, Future perspectives of radionanomedicine using the novel
micelle-encapsulation method for surface modification. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 49(3),
170–173 (2015)
4. M. Sun, D. Hoffman, G. Sundaresan, L. Yang, N. Lamichhane, J. Zweit, Synthesis and
characterization of intrinsically radiolabeled quantum dots for bimodal detection. Am.
J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 2(2), 122–135 (2012)
5. G. Sun, J. Xu, A. Hagooly, R. Rossin, Z. Li, D.A. Moore et al., Strategies for optimized
radiolabeling of nanoparticles for in vivo pet imaging. Adv. Mater. 19(20), 3157–3162
(2007)
6. L. Yang, G. Sundaresan, M. Sun, P. Jose, D. Hoffman, P.R. McDonagh et al., Intrinsically
radiolabeled multifunctional cerium oxide nanoparticles for in vivo studies. J. Mater. Chem.
B Mater. Biol. Med. 1(10), 1421–1431 (2013)
7. M. Zhou, R. Zhang, M. Huang, W. Lu, S. Song, M.P. Melancon et al., A chelator-free
multifunctional [
64
Cu]CuS nanoparticle platform for simultaneous micro-PET/CT imaging
and photothermal ablation therapy. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132(43), 15351–15358 (2010)
8. R.M. Wong, D.A. Gilbert, K. Liu, A.Y. Louie, Rapid size-controlled synthesis of
dextran-coated, 64Cu-doped iron oxide nanoparticles. ACS Nano 6(4), 3461–3467 (2012)
9. Y. Zhao, D. Sultan, L. Detering, S. Cho, G. Sun, R. Pierce et al., Copper-64-alloyed gold
nanoparticles for cancer imaging: improved radiolabel stability and diagnostic accuracy.
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 53(1), 156–159 (2014)
10. X. Lin, J. Xie, G. Niu, F. Zhang, H. Gao, M. Yang et al., Chimeric ferritin nanocages for
multiple function loading and multimodal imaging. Nano Lett. 11(2), 814–819 (2011)
11. T.W. Liu, T.D. MacDonald, J. Shi, B.C. Wilson, G. Zheng, Intrinsically copper-64-labeled
organic nanoparticles as radiotracers. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 51(52), 13128–13131
(2012)
12. N. Chanda, P. Kan, L.D. Watkinson, R. Shukla, A. Zambre, T.L. Carmack et al., Radioactive
gold nanoparticles in cancer therapy: therapeutic efficacy studies of GA198
AuNP
nanoconstruct in prostate tumor-bearing mice. Nanomed. (Lond.) 6(2), 201–209 (2010)
13. K.V. Katti, R. Kannan, K. Katti, V. Kattumori, R. Pandrapraganda, V. Rahing et al., Hybrid
gold nanoparticles in molecular imaging and radiotherapy. Czech J. Phys. 56(1), D23–D34
(2006)
222
D. S. Lee et al.
be successfully translated to clinical use.
The advantage of multifunctional radionanomedicines for in vivo application is
that the amount of NPs can be decreased as low as possible even to trace amount.
And multifunctional radionanomedicines can eliminate the concerns about the
possible hazards of administering pharmacologic amount of NPs, and be used in a
versatile way for a multiradioisotope or multitargeting approach. Finally, the tracer
principle of this technology behind radionanomedicine using multifunctional
radionanomaterials will help imaging and quantification so as to stimulate the
progress of the translation of nanomedicine.
References
1. X. Sun, W. Cai, X. Chen, Positron emission tomography imaging using radiolabeled
inorganic nanomaterials. Acc. Chem. Res. 48(2), 286–294 (2015)
2. D.S. Lee, H.J. Im, Y.S. Lee, Radionanomedicine: widened perspectives of molecular
theragnosis. Nanomedicine 11(4), 795–810 (2015)
3. Y.-S. Lee, Y. Kim, D.S. Lee, Future perspectives of radionanomedicine using the novel
micelle-encapsulation method for surface modification. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 49(3),
170–173 (2015)
4. M. Sun, D. Hoffman, G. Sundaresan, L. Yang, N. Lamichhane, J. Zweit, Synthesis and
characterization of intrinsically radiolabeled quantum dots for bimodal detection. Am.
J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging 2(2), 122–135 (2012)
5. G. Sun, J. Xu, A. Hagooly, R. Rossin, Z. Li, D.A. Moore et al., Strategies for optimized
radiolabeling of nanoparticles for in vivo pet imaging. Adv. Mater. 19(20), 3157–3162
(2007)
6. L. Yang, G. Sundaresan, M. Sun, P. Jose, D. Hoffman, P.R. McDonagh et al., Intrinsically
radiolabeled multifunctional cerium oxide nanoparticles for in vivo studies. J. Mater. Chem.
B Mater. Biol. Med. 1(10), 1421–1431 (2013)
7. M. Zhou, R. Zhang, M. Huang, W. Lu, S. Song, M.P. Melancon et al., A chelator-free
multifunctional [
64
Cu]CuS nanoparticle platform for simultaneous micro-PET/CT imaging
and photothermal ablation therapy. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132(43), 15351–15358 (2010)
8. R.M. Wong, D.A. Gilbert, K. Liu, A.Y. Louie, Rapid size-controlled synthesis of
dextran-coated, 64Cu-doped iron oxide nanoparticles. ACS Nano 6(4), 3461–3467 (2012)
9. Y. Zhao, D. Sultan, L. Detering, S. Cho, G. Sun, R. Pierce et al., Copper-64-alloyed gold
nanoparticles for cancer imaging: improved radiolabel stability and diagnostic accuracy.
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 53(1), 156–159 (2014)
10. X. Lin, J. Xie, G. Niu, F. Zhang, H. Gao, M. Yang et al., Chimeric ferritin nanocages for
multiple function loading and multimodal imaging. Nano Lett. 11(2), 814–819 (2011)
11. T.W. Liu, T.D. MacDonald, J. Shi, B.C. Wilson, G. Zheng, Intrinsically copper-64-labeled
organic nanoparticles as radiotracers. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 51(52), 13128–13131
(2012)
12. N. Chanda, P. Kan, L.D. Watkinson, R. Shukla, A. Zambre, T.L. Carmack et al., Radioactive
gold nanoparticles in cancer therapy: therapeutic efficacy studies of GA198
AuNP
nanoconstruct in prostate tumor-bearing mice. Nanomed. (Lond.) 6(2), 201–209 (2010)
13. K.V. Katti, R. Kannan, K. Katti, V. Kattumori, R. Pandrapraganda, V. Rahing et al., Hybrid
gold nanoparticles in molecular imaging and radiotherapy. Czech J. Phys. 56(1), D23–D34
(2006)
222
D. S. Lee et al.