Chapter 10
Surface Modification
of Radionanomedicine
Daiqin Chen and Hao Hong
Abstract Various radioactive nanomaterials (radionanomaterials) have been successfully utilized as radionanomedicines, particularly in the field of nuclear imaging
and radiation therapy. Surface modification is one of the most critical steps during
the fabrication of radionanomedicines. Proper surface modification can bring
multiple benefits to radioisotopes-loaded nanomaterials, which include, but not
limited to, material disparity/stability improvement, in vivo pharmacokinetics
optimization, adjustment of interactions with biomolecules, incorporation of diagnostic or tissue targeting moieties, addition of new material property (e.g. stimuli
responsiveness), among many others. In this chapter, we tried to give a brief
illustration on how various surface modification strategies can be accomplished for
specific nanomaterials, and provide comments on the advantages and limitations of
each strategy. By the most straightforward categorization, the surface modification
can be achieved via either chemical reactions (covalent coupling) or physical
interactions (usually forming noncovalent binding). Each surface modification
method can work synergistically with each other to generate theranostic radionanomaterials with more attractive characteristics. In the end, different previous
representative research reports were given as examples to confirm how these
strategies could be used in surface modification of nanomaterials from different
categories.
D. Chen Á H. Hong (&)
Department of Radiology, Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Michigan,
Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
e-mail: hahong@med.umich.edu
D. Chen
e-mail: chendychin@gmail.com
© Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018
D. S. Lee (ed.), Radionanomedicine, Biological and Medical Physics,
Biomedical Engineering, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67720-0_10
185
Surface Modification
of Radionanomedicine
Daiqin Chen and Hao Hong
Abstract Various radioactive nanomaterials (radionanomaterials) have been successfully utilized as radionanomedicines, particularly in the field of nuclear imaging
and radiation therapy. Surface modification is one of the most critical steps during
the fabrication of radionanomedicines. Proper surface modification can bring
multiple benefits to radioisotopes-loaded nanomaterials, which include, but not
limited to, material disparity/stability improvement, in vivo pharmacokinetics
optimization, adjustment of interactions with biomolecules, incorporation of diagnostic or tissue targeting moieties, addition of new material property (e.g. stimuli
responsiveness), among many others. In this chapter, we tried to give a brief
illustration on how various surface modification strategies can be accomplished for
specific nanomaterials, and provide comments on the advantages and limitations of
each strategy. By the most straightforward categorization, the surface modification
can be achieved via either chemical reactions (covalent coupling) or physical
interactions (usually forming noncovalent binding). Each surface modification
method can work synergistically with each other to generate theranostic radionanomaterials with more attractive characteristics. In the end, different previous
representative research reports were given as examples to confirm how these
strategies could be used in surface modification of nanomaterials from different
categories.
D. Chen Á H. Hong (&)
Department of Radiology, Center for Molecular Imaging, University of Michigan,
Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
e-mail: hahong@med.umich.edu
D. Chen
e-mail: chendychin@gmail.com
© Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018
D. S. Lee (ed.), Radionanomedicine, Biological and Medical Physics,
Biomedical Engineering, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67720-0_10
185