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44. B. Escudier, T. Dorval, N. Chaput, F. André, M.-P. Caby, S. Novault et al., Vaccination of
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of the first phase I clinical trial. J. Transl. Med. 3(1), 1 (2005)
45. B. Besse, M. Charrier, V. Lapierre, E. Dansin, O. Lantz, D. Planchard et al., Dendritic
cell-derived exosomes as maintenance immunotherapy after first line chemotherapy in
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46. J. Wolfers, A. Lozier, G. Raposo, A. Regnault, C. Théry, C. Masurier et al., Tumor-derived
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47. E.J. Ekström, C. Bergenfelz, V. von Bülow, F. Serifler, E. Carlemalm, G. Jönsson et al.,
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exosome-induced, tumor-associated inflammation and immunomodulation. Semin Cancer
Biol. 28, 51–57 (2014)
49. M. Adams, H. Navabi, D. Croston, S. Coleman, Z. Tabi, A. Clayton et al., The rationale for
combined chemo/immunotherapy using a Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) agonist and
tumour-derived exosomes in advanced ovarian cancer. Vaccine 23(17), 2374–2378 (2005)
50. S. Dai, D. Wei, Z. Wu, X. Zhou, X. Wei, H. Huang et al., Phase I clinical trial of autologous
ascites-derived exosomes combined with GM-CSF for colorectal cancer. Mol. Ther. 16(4),
782–790 (2008)
51. L. Lugini, S. Cecchetti, V. Huber, F. Luciani, G. Macchia, F. Spadaro et al., Immune
surveillance properties of human NK cell-derived exosomes. J. Immunol. 189(6), 2833–2842
(2012)
52. T. Ishida, H. Kiwada, Accelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenon upon repeated
injection of PEGylated liposomes. Int. J. Pharm. 354(1), 56–62 (2008)
53. X. Xu, W. Ho, X. Zhang, N. Bertrand, O. Farokhzad, Cancer nanomedicine: from targeted
delivery to combination therapy. Trends. Mol. Med. 21(4), 223–232 (2015)
54. A. Akbarzadeh, R. Rezaei-Sadabady, S. Davaran, S.W. Joo, N. Zarghami, Y. Hanifehpour
et al., Liposome: classification, preparation, and applications. Nanoscale Res. Lett. 8(1), 102
(2013)
55. K.B. Knudsen, H. Northeved, P.K. Ek, A. Permin, T. Gjetting, T.L. Andresen et al., In vivo
toxicity of cationic micelles and liposomes. Nanomedicine 11(2), 467–477 (2015)
56. K.B. Johnsen, J.M. Gudbergsson, M.N. Skov, L. Pilgaard, T. Moos, M. Duroux, A
comprehensive overview of exosomes as drug delivery vehicles—endogenous nanocarriers
for targeted cancer therapy. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1846(1), 75–87 (2014)
57. S.M. van Dommelen, P. Vader, S. Lakhal, S. Kooijmans, W.W. van Solinge, M.J. Wood
et al., Microvesicles and exosomes: opportunities for cell-derived membrane vesicles in drug
delivery. J. Control Release. 161(2), 635–644 (2012)
58. S.C. Jang, O.Y. Kim, C.M. Yoon, D.-S. Choi, T.-Y. Roh, J. Park et al., Bioinspired
exosome-mimetic nanovesicles for targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics to malignant
tumors. ACS Nano. 7(9), 7698–7710 (2013)
59. Y. Tian, S. Li, J. Song, T. Ji, M. Zhu, G.J. Anderson et al., A doxorubicin delivery platform
using engineered natural membrane vesicle exosomes for targeted tumor therapy.
Biomaterials 35(7), 2383–2390 (2014)
60. X. Zhuang, X. Xiang, W. Grizzle, D. Sun, S. Zhang, R.C. Axtell et al., Treatment of brain
inflammatory diseases by delivering exosome encapsulated anti-inflammatory drugs from the
nasal region to the brain. Mol. Ther. 19(10), 1769–1779 (2011)
61. H. Choi, Y.-S. Lee, D.W. Hwang, D.S. Lee, Translational radionanomedicine: a clinical
perspective. Eur. J. Nanomed. 8(2), 71–84 (2016)
9 Endogenous Radionanomedicine: Validation of Therapeutic Potential
181
dexosome immunotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. J. Transl.
Med. 3(1), 1 (2005)
44. B. Escudier, T. Dorval, N. Chaput, F. André, M.-P. Caby, S. Novault et al., Vaccination of
metastatic melanoma patients with autologous dendritic cell (DC) derived-exosomes: results
of the first phase I clinical trial. J. Transl. Med. 3(1), 1 (2005)
45. B. Besse, M. Charrier, V. Lapierre, E. Dansin, O. Lantz, D. Planchard et al., Dendritic
cell-derived exosomes as maintenance immunotherapy after first line chemotherapy in
NSCLC. Oncoimmunology 5(4), e1071008 (2016)
46. J. Wolfers, A. Lozier, G. Raposo, A. Regnault, C. Théry, C. Masurier et al., Tumor-derived
exosomes are a source of shared tumor rejection antigens for CTL cross-priming. Nat. Med. 7
(3), 297–303 (2001)
47. E.J. Ekström, C. Bergenfelz, V. von Bülow, F. Serifler, E. Carlemalm, G. Jönsson et al.,
WNT5A induces release of exosomes containing pro-angiogenic and immunosuppressive
factors from malignant melanoma cells. Mol. Cancer 13(1), 88 (2014)
48. P. Altevogt, N.P. Bretz, J. Ridinger, J. Utikal, V. Umansky, Novel insights into
exosome-induced, tumor-associated inflammation and immunomodulation. Semin Cancer
Biol. 28, 51–57 (2014)
49. M. Adams, H. Navabi, D. Croston, S. Coleman, Z. Tabi, A. Clayton et al., The rationale for
combined chemo/immunotherapy using a Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) agonist and
tumour-derived exosomes in advanced ovarian cancer. Vaccine 23(17), 2374–2378 (2005)
50. S. Dai, D. Wei, Z. Wu, X. Zhou, X. Wei, H. Huang et al., Phase I clinical trial of autologous
ascites-derived exosomes combined with GM-CSF for colorectal cancer. Mol. Ther. 16(4),
782–790 (2008)
51. L. Lugini, S. Cecchetti, V. Huber, F. Luciani, G. Macchia, F. Spadaro et al., Immune
surveillance properties of human NK cell-derived exosomes. J. Immunol. 189(6), 2833–2842
(2012)
52. T. Ishida, H. Kiwada, Accelerated blood clearance (ABC) phenomenon upon repeated
injection of PEGylated liposomes. Int. J. Pharm. 354(1), 56–62 (2008)
53. X. Xu, W. Ho, X. Zhang, N. Bertrand, O. Farokhzad, Cancer nanomedicine: from targeted
delivery to combination therapy. Trends. Mol. Med. 21(4), 223–232 (2015)
54. A. Akbarzadeh, R. Rezaei-Sadabady, S. Davaran, S.W. Joo, N. Zarghami, Y. Hanifehpour
et al., Liposome: classification, preparation, and applications. Nanoscale Res. Lett. 8(1), 102
(2013)
55. K.B. Knudsen, H. Northeved, P.K. Ek, A. Permin, T. Gjetting, T.L. Andresen et al., In vivo
toxicity of cationic micelles and liposomes. Nanomedicine 11(2), 467–477 (2015)
56. K.B. Johnsen, J.M. Gudbergsson, M.N. Skov, L. Pilgaard, T. Moos, M. Duroux, A
comprehensive overview of exosomes as drug delivery vehicles—endogenous nanocarriers
for targeted cancer therapy. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1846(1), 75–87 (2014)
57. S.M. van Dommelen, P. Vader, S. Lakhal, S. Kooijmans, W.W. van Solinge, M.J. Wood
et al., Microvesicles and exosomes: opportunities for cell-derived membrane vesicles in drug
delivery. J. Control Release. 161(2), 635–644 (2012)
58. S.C. Jang, O.Y. Kim, C.M. Yoon, D.-S. Choi, T.-Y. Roh, J. Park et al., Bioinspired
exosome-mimetic nanovesicles for targeted delivery of chemotherapeutics to malignant
tumors. ACS Nano. 7(9), 7698–7710 (2013)
59. Y. Tian, S. Li, J. Song, T. Ji, M. Zhu, G.J. Anderson et al., A doxorubicin delivery platform
using engineered natural membrane vesicle exosomes for targeted tumor therapy.
Biomaterials 35(7), 2383–2390 (2014)
60. X. Zhuang, X. Xiang, W. Grizzle, D. Sun, S. Zhang, R.C. Axtell et al., Treatment of brain
inflammatory diseases by delivering exosome encapsulated anti-inflammatory drugs from the
nasal region to the brain. Mol. Ther. 19(10), 1769–1779 (2011)
61. H. Choi, Y.-S. Lee, D.W. Hwang, D.S. Lee, Translational radionanomedicine: a clinical
perspective. Eur. J. Nanomed. 8(2), 71–84 (2016)
9 Endogenous Radionanomedicine: Validation of Therapeutic Potential
181