Phenrat T, Saleh N, Sirk K et al (2008) Stabilization of aqueous nanoscale zerovalent iron
dispersions by anionic polyelectrolytes: adsorbed anionic polyelectrolyte layer properties and
their effect on aggregation and sedimentation. J Nanopart Res 10:795–814. https://doi.org/10.
1007/s11051-007-9315-6
Phenrat T, Liu Y, Tilton RD, Lowry GV (2009a) Adsorbed polyelectrolyte coatings decrease Fe
(0) nanoparticle reactivity with TCE in water: conceptual model and mechanisms. Environ Sci
Technol 43:1507–1514. https://doi.org/10.1021/es802187d
Phenrat T, Long TC, Lowry GV, Veronesi B (2009b) Partial oxidation (“aging”) and surface
modification decrease the toxicity of nanosized zerovalent iron. Environ Sci Technol
43:195–200. https://doi.org/10.1021/es801955n
Phenrat T, Cihan A, Kim H-J et al (2010) Transport and deposition of polymer-modified Fe0
nanoparticles in 2-D heterogeneous porous media: effects of particle concentration, Fe0 content,
and coatings. Environ Sci Technol 44:9086–9093. https://doi.org/10.1021/es102398e
Pilling MJ, Seakins PW (1995) Reaction kinetics. Oxford University Press, New York, NY
Pizarro S, Araya M, Delgadillo A (2018) Hexachloroethane reduction catalyzed by cobaloximes.
effect of the substituents on the equatorial ligands. Polyhedron 141:94–99. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.poly.2017.11.005
Pourbaix M (1963) Atlas d’équilibres électrochimiques. Gauthier-Villars et Cie, Paris, France
Pullin H, Crane RA, Morgan DJ, Scott TB (2017a) The effect of common groundwater anions on
the aqueous corrosion of zero-valent iron nanoparticles and associated removal of aqueous
copper and zinc. J Environ Chem Eng 5:1166–1173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2017.01.038
Pullin H, Springell R, Parry S, Scott T (2017b) The effect of aqueous corrosion on the structure and
reactivity of zero-valent iron nanoparticles. Chem Eng J 308:568–577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
cej.2016.09.088
Qin H, Sun Y, Yang H et al (2018) Unexpected effect of buffer solution on removal of selenite and
selenate by zerovalent iron. Chem Eng J 334:296–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CEJ.2017.10.
025
Quinn J, Geiger C, Clausen C et al (2005) Field demonstration of DNAPL dehalogenation using
emulsified zero-valent iron. Environ Sci Technol 39:1309–1318. https://doi.org/10.1021/
es0490018
Rajajayavel SRC, Ghoshal S (2015) Enhanced reductive dechlorination of trichloroethylene by
sulfidated nanoscale zerovalent iron. Water Res 78:144–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.
2015.04.009
Ranc B, Faure P, Croze V, Simonnot MO (2016) Selection of oxidant doses for in situ chemical
oxidation of soils contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): a review. J
Hazard Mater 312:280–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2016.03.068
Rayaroth MP, Lee C-S, Aravind UK et al (2017) Oxidative degradation of benzoic acid using Fe0and sulfidized Fe0-activated persulfate: a comparative study. Chem Eng J 315:426–436. https://
doi.org/10.1016/J.CEJ.2017.01.031
Rebodos RL, Vikesland PJ (2010) Effects of oxidation on the magnetization of nanoparticulate
magnetite. Langmuir 26:16745–16753. https://doi.org/10.1021/la102461z
Reijnders L (2006) Cleaner nanotechnology and hazard reduction of manufactured nanoparticles. J
Clean Prod 14:124–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2005.03.018
Reinsch BC, Forsberg B, Penn RL et al (2010) Chemical transformations during aging of zerovalent
iron nanoparticles in the presence of common groundwater dissolved constituents. Environ Sci
Technol 44:3455–3461. https://doi.org/10.1021/es902924h
Rémazeilles C, Refait P (2007) On the formation of β-FeOOH (akaganéite) in chloride-containing
environments. Corros Sci 49:844–857. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CORSCI.2006.06.003
Roberts AL, Gschwend PM (1991) Mechanism of pentachloroethane dehydrochlorination to
tetrachloroethylene. Environ Sci Technol 25:76–86
Roberts PV, Goltz MN, Mackay DM (1986) A natural gradient experiment on solute transport in a
sand aquifer: 3. Retardation estimates and mass balances for organic solutes. Water Resour Res
22:2047–2058. https://doi.org/10.1029/WR022i013p02047
390
R. Rodrigues et al.
dispersions by anionic polyelectrolytes: adsorbed anionic polyelectrolyte layer properties and
their effect on aggregation and sedimentation. J Nanopart Res 10:795–814. https://doi.org/10.
1007/s11051-007-9315-6
Phenrat T, Liu Y, Tilton RD, Lowry GV (2009a) Adsorbed polyelectrolyte coatings decrease Fe
(0) nanoparticle reactivity with TCE in water: conceptual model and mechanisms. Environ Sci
Technol 43:1507–1514. https://doi.org/10.1021/es802187d
Phenrat T, Long TC, Lowry GV, Veronesi B (2009b) Partial oxidation (“aging”) and surface
modification decrease the toxicity of nanosized zerovalent iron. Environ Sci Technol
43:195–200. https://doi.org/10.1021/es801955n
Phenrat T, Cihan A, Kim H-J et al (2010) Transport and deposition of polymer-modified Fe0
nanoparticles in 2-D heterogeneous porous media: effects of particle concentration, Fe0 content,
and coatings. Environ Sci Technol 44:9086–9093. https://doi.org/10.1021/es102398e
Pilling MJ, Seakins PW (1995) Reaction kinetics. Oxford University Press, New York, NY
Pizarro S, Araya M, Delgadillo A (2018) Hexachloroethane reduction catalyzed by cobaloximes.
effect of the substituents on the equatorial ligands. Polyhedron 141:94–99. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.poly.2017.11.005
Pourbaix M (1963) Atlas d’équilibres électrochimiques. Gauthier-Villars et Cie, Paris, France
Pullin H, Crane RA, Morgan DJ, Scott TB (2017a) The effect of common groundwater anions on
the aqueous corrosion of zero-valent iron nanoparticles and associated removal of aqueous
copper and zinc. J Environ Chem Eng 5:1166–1173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2017.01.038
Pullin H, Springell R, Parry S, Scott T (2017b) The effect of aqueous corrosion on the structure and
reactivity of zero-valent iron nanoparticles. Chem Eng J 308:568–577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
cej.2016.09.088
Qin H, Sun Y, Yang H et al (2018) Unexpected effect of buffer solution on removal of selenite and
selenate by zerovalent iron. Chem Eng J 334:296–304. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CEJ.2017.10.
025
Quinn J, Geiger C, Clausen C et al (2005) Field demonstration of DNAPL dehalogenation using
emulsified zero-valent iron. Environ Sci Technol 39:1309–1318. https://doi.org/10.1021/
es0490018
Rajajayavel SRC, Ghoshal S (2015) Enhanced reductive dechlorination of trichloroethylene by
sulfidated nanoscale zerovalent iron. Water Res 78:144–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.
2015.04.009
Ranc B, Faure P, Croze V, Simonnot MO (2016) Selection of oxidant doses for in situ chemical
oxidation of soils contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): a review. J
Hazard Mater 312:280–297. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JHAZMAT.2016.03.068
Rayaroth MP, Lee C-S, Aravind UK et al (2017) Oxidative degradation of benzoic acid using Fe0and sulfidized Fe0-activated persulfate: a comparative study. Chem Eng J 315:426–436. https://
doi.org/10.1016/J.CEJ.2017.01.031
Rebodos RL, Vikesland PJ (2010) Effects of oxidation on the magnetization of nanoparticulate
magnetite. Langmuir 26:16745–16753. https://doi.org/10.1021/la102461z
Reijnders L (2006) Cleaner nanotechnology and hazard reduction of manufactured nanoparticles. J
Clean Prod 14:124–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2005.03.018
Reinsch BC, Forsberg B, Penn RL et al (2010) Chemical transformations during aging of zerovalent
iron nanoparticles in the presence of common groundwater dissolved constituents. Environ Sci
Technol 44:3455–3461. https://doi.org/10.1021/es902924h
Rémazeilles C, Refait P (2007) On the formation of β-FeOOH (akaganéite) in chloride-containing
environments. Corros Sci 49:844–857. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CORSCI.2006.06.003
Roberts AL, Gschwend PM (1991) Mechanism of pentachloroethane dehydrochlorination to
tetrachloroethylene. Environ Sci Technol 25:76–86
Roberts PV, Goltz MN, Mackay DM (1986) A natural gradient experiment on solute transport in a
sand aquifer: 3. Retardation estimates and mass balances for organic solutes. Water Resour Res
22:2047–2058. https://doi.org/10.1029/WR022i013p02047
390
R. Rodrigues et al.