Dexter KG, Pennington RT, Oliveira-Filho AT, Bueno ML, de Miranda PLS, Neves DM (2018)
Inserting tropical dry forests into the discussion on biome transitions in the tropics. Front Ecol
Evol 6:104
Doucet J-L, Kouadio YL, Monticelli D, Lejeune P (2009) Enrichment of logging gaps with moabi
(Baillonella toxisperma Pierre) in a Central African rain forest. For Ecol Manag 258:2407–2415
Doucet J-L, Daïnou K, Ligot G, Ouédraogo D-Y, Bourland N, Ward SE, Tekam P, Lagoute P,
Fayolle A (2016) Enrichment of Central African logged forests with high-value tree species:
testing a new approach to regenerating degraded forests. Int J Biodivers Sci, Ecosyst Ser Manag
12:83–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/21513732.2016.1168868
Elenga H, Schwartz D, Vincens A (1992) Changements climatiques et action anthropique sur le
littoral congolais au cours de l’Holocène. Bull Soc Géol Fr 163:83–90
Elenga H, Schwartz D, Vincens A, Bertaux J, deNamur C, Martin L, Wirrmann D, Servant M
(1996) Holocene pollen data from Kitina lake (Congo): palaeoclimatic and palaeobotanical
changes in the Mayombe forest area. Comptes Rendus De L Academie Des Sciences Serie Ii
Fascicule a-Sciences De La Terre Et Des Planetes 323:403–410
Elenga H, Vincens A, Schwartz D, Fabing A, Bertaux J, Wirrmann D, Martin L, Servant M (2001)
Le marais estuarien de la Songolo (Sud Congo) a l’Holocene moyen et recent. Bull Soc Géol Fr
172:359–366
Engone Obiang NL, Ngomanda A, Hymas O, Chézeauxl É, Picard N (2014) Diagnosing the
demographic balance of two light-demanding tree species populations in central Africa from
their diameter distribution. For Ecol Manag 313:55–62
Favier C, Aleman J, Bremond L, Dubois MA, Freycon V, Yangakola JM (2012) Abrupt shifts in
African savanna tree cover along a climatic gradient. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 21:787–797
Fayolle A, Engelbrecht B, Freycon V, Mortier F, Swaine M, Réjou-Méchain M, Doucet J-L,
Fauvet N, Cornu G, Gourlet-Fleury S (2012) Geological substrates shape tree species and trait
distributions in African moist forests. PLoS One 7:e42381
Fayolle A, Picard N, Doucet J-L, Swaine M, Bayol N, Bénédet F, Gourlet-Fleury S (2014a) A new
insight in the structure, composition and functioning of central African moist forests. For Ecol
Manag 329:195–205
Fayolle A, Swaine MD, Bastin JF, Bourland N, Comiskey JA, Dauby G, Doucet JL, Gillet JF,
Gourlet-Fleury S, Hardy OJ (2014b) Patterns of tree species composition across tropical African
forests. J Biogeogr 41:2320–2331
Fayolle A, Swaine MD, Aleman J, Azihou AF, Bauman D, te Beest M et al (2019) A sharp floristic
discontinuity revealed by the biogeographic regionalization of African savannas. J Biogeogr
46:454–465
Garcin Y, Deschamps P, Ménot G, De Saulieu G, Schefuß E, Sebag D, Dupont LM, Oslisly R,
Brademann B, Mbusnum KG (2018) Early anthropogenic impact on Western Central African
rainforests 2,600 y ago. Proc Natl Acad Sci 115:3261–3266
Giglio L, Randerson JT, van der Werf GR, Kasibhatla PS, Collatz GJ, Morton DC, DeFries RS
(2010) Assessing variability and long-term trends in burned area by merging multiple satellite
fire products. Biogeosciences 7:1171–1186
Gillson L (2015) Biodiversity conservation and environmental change: using palaeoecology to
manage dynamic landscapes in the anthropocene. OUP, Oxford
Gillson L, Marchant R (2014) From myopia to clarity: sharpening the focus of ecosystem management through the lens of palaeoecology. Trends Ecol Evol 29:317–325
Giresse P, Maley J, Brenac P (1994) Late quaternary palaeoenvironments in the Lake Barombi Mbo
(West Cameroon) deduced from pollen and carbon isotopes of organic matter. Palaeogeogr
Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 107:65–78
Giresse P, Maley J, Doumenge C, Philippon N, Mahé G, Chepstow-Lusty A, Aleman J,
Lokonda M, Elenga H (2018) Paleoclimatic changes are the most probable causes of the
rainforest crises 2,600 y ago in Central Africa. Proc Natl Acad Sci 115:E6672–E6673
Gourlet-Fleury S, Mortier F, Fayolle A, Baya F, Ouédraogo D, Bénédet F, Picard N (2013) Tropical
forest recovery from logging: a 24 year silvicultural experiment from Central Africa. Philos
Trans R Soc B 368:20120302
9 Long-Term Vegetation Change in Central Africa: The Need for an Integrated. . .
309
Inserting tropical dry forests into the discussion on biome transitions in the tropics. Front Ecol
Evol 6:104
Doucet J-L, Kouadio YL, Monticelli D, Lejeune P (2009) Enrichment of logging gaps with moabi
(Baillonella toxisperma Pierre) in a Central African rain forest. For Ecol Manag 258:2407–2415
Doucet J-L, Daïnou K, Ligot G, Ouédraogo D-Y, Bourland N, Ward SE, Tekam P, Lagoute P,
Fayolle A (2016) Enrichment of Central African logged forests with high-value tree species:
testing a new approach to regenerating degraded forests. Int J Biodivers Sci, Ecosyst Ser Manag
12:83–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/21513732.2016.1168868
Elenga H, Schwartz D, Vincens A (1992) Changements climatiques et action anthropique sur le
littoral congolais au cours de l’Holocène. Bull Soc Géol Fr 163:83–90
Elenga H, Schwartz D, Vincens A, Bertaux J, deNamur C, Martin L, Wirrmann D, Servant M
(1996) Holocene pollen data from Kitina lake (Congo): palaeoclimatic and palaeobotanical
changes in the Mayombe forest area. Comptes Rendus De L Academie Des Sciences Serie Ii
Fascicule a-Sciences De La Terre Et Des Planetes 323:403–410
Elenga H, Vincens A, Schwartz D, Fabing A, Bertaux J, Wirrmann D, Martin L, Servant M (2001)
Le marais estuarien de la Songolo (Sud Congo) a l’Holocene moyen et recent. Bull Soc Géol Fr
172:359–366
Engone Obiang NL, Ngomanda A, Hymas O, Chézeauxl É, Picard N (2014) Diagnosing the
demographic balance of two light-demanding tree species populations in central Africa from
their diameter distribution. For Ecol Manag 313:55–62
Favier C, Aleman J, Bremond L, Dubois MA, Freycon V, Yangakola JM (2012) Abrupt shifts in
African savanna tree cover along a climatic gradient. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 21:787–797
Fayolle A, Engelbrecht B, Freycon V, Mortier F, Swaine M, Réjou-Méchain M, Doucet J-L,
Fauvet N, Cornu G, Gourlet-Fleury S (2012) Geological substrates shape tree species and trait
distributions in African moist forests. PLoS One 7:e42381
Fayolle A, Picard N, Doucet J-L, Swaine M, Bayol N, Bénédet F, Gourlet-Fleury S (2014a) A new
insight in the structure, composition and functioning of central African moist forests. For Ecol
Manag 329:195–205
Fayolle A, Swaine MD, Bastin JF, Bourland N, Comiskey JA, Dauby G, Doucet JL, Gillet JF,
Gourlet-Fleury S, Hardy OJ (2014b) Patterns of tree species composition across tropical African
forests. J Biogeogr 41:2320–2331
Fayolle A, Swaine MD, Aleman J, Azihou AF, Bauman D, te Beest M et al (2019) A sharp floristic
discontinuity revealed by the biogeographic regionalization of African savannas. J Biogeogr
46:454–465
Garcin Y, Deschamps P, Ménot G, De Saulieu G, Schefuß E, Sebag D, Dupont LM, Oslisly R,
Brademann B, Mbusnum KG (2018) Early anthropogenic impact on Western Central African
rainforests 2,600 y ago. Proc Natl Acad Sci 115:3261–3266
Giglio L, Randerson JT, van der Werf GR, Kasibhatla PS, Collatz GJ, Morton DC, DeFries RS
(2010) Assessing variability and long-term trends in burned area by merging multiple satellite
fire products. Biogeosciences 7:1171–1186
Gillson L (2015) Biodiversity conservation and environmental change: using palaeoecology to
manage dynamic landscapes in the anthropocene. OUP, Oxford
Gillson L, Marchant R (2014) From myopia to clarity: sharpening the focus of ecosystem management through the lens of palaeoecology. Trends Ecol Evol 29:317–325
Giresse P, Maley J, Brenac P (1994) Late quaternary palaeoenvironments in the Lake Barombi Mbo
(West Cameroon) deduced from pollen and carbon isotopes of organic matter. Palaeogeogr
Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 107:65–78
Giresse P, Maley J, Doumenge C, Philippon N, Mahé G, Chepstow-Lusty A, Aleman J,
Lokonda M, Elenga H (2018) Paleoclimatic changes are the most probable causes of the
rainforest crises 2,600 y ago in Central Africa. Proc Natl Acad Sci 115:E6672–E6673
Gourlet-Fleury S, Mortier F, Fayolle A, Baya F, Ouédraogo D, Bénédet F, Picard N (2013) Tropical
forest recovery from logging: a 24 year silvicultural experiment from Central Africa. Philos
Trans R Soc B 368:20120302
9 Long-Term Vegetation Change in Central Africa: The Need for an Integrated. . .
309