3.4.1 Integrated Rural Development Model
The concept of this model seeks to develop the various sectors of the economy to be
linked to the urban economy (Pinstrup-Aderesene 2002). Thus, the notion of this
model aims at stimulating bonds between the farmland informal sectors for the rural
economy. This model is usually prescribed by International Development Partners
and Donor Agencies. This includes the World Bank and the United Nations Development Programmes (UNDP), amongst others. In addition, Ijere (1993) posited that
the integrated rural development model virtually necessitates government–community cooperative partaking in enabling effective health-care services, education,
basic social amenities, and rural infrastructure in the most harmonised and
synchronised approach so as to extend the overall wellbeing of the rural dwellers.
The integrated rural development approach is known by its distinct qualities, in such
that rural development programmes are pursued holistically, hence embracing not
only the rural areas but also the urban centres in a particular state.
3.4.2 Sectoral Development Model
The presenters and advocators of the sectoral development model posited that
developing a selected area of rural life will eventually bring about the desired
development in the community. Also, according to some scholars, this concept
highlights the age-long struggles by some governments in the advanced world to
concentrate attention in the development of the agricultural sector as a universal
remedy to overcome the major challenges faced by rural dwellers and to achieve the
rural development goal. Although the literature shows that focusing on agricultural
development alone cannot bring about the desired development in rural areas, other
relevant factors, such as political will and governments’ huge investments in the
education sector, health, transport, and commerce, credible electoral process, and
fight against corruption, hunger, and injustice, amongst others, will perceptibly bring
about the desired rural development (Wholey 1982).
3.4.3 Urban Development Model
The urban development model is a concept that encourages the development of
capital projects in the urban areas. Principally, the model is based on the methodological premise assumption that the benefits of urban area development will trickledown to the rural areas and further reflect and arouse growth and development in
the rural areas. In contrast, Roundinell et al. (1975) posited that the concept of this
model has failed practically in many third-world formations largely due to overconcentration of development projects in the urban centres resulting in rural–urban
3 Rural Development in Africa: Challenges and Opportunities
37
The concept of this model seeks to develop the various sectors of the economy to be
linked to the urban economy (Pinstrup-Aderesene 2002). Thus, the notion of this
model aims at stimulating bonds between the farmland informal sectors for the rural
economy. This model is usually prescribed by International Development Partners
and Donor Agencies. This includes the World Bank and the United Nations Development Programmes (UNDP), amongst others. In addition, Ijere (1993) posited that
the integrated rural development model virtually necessitates government–community cooperative partaking in enabling effective health-care services, education,
basic social amenities, and rural infrastructure in the most harmonised and
synchronised approach so as to extend the overall wellbeing of the rural dwellers.
The integrated rural development approach is known by its distinct qualities, in such
that rural development programmes are pursued holistically, hence embracing not
only the rural areas but also the urban centres in a particular state.
3.4.2 Sectoral Development Model
The presenters and advocators of the sectoral development model posited that
developing a selected area of rural life will eventually bring about the desired
development in the community. Also, according to some scholars, this concept
highlights the age-long struggles by some governments in the advanced world to
concentrate attention in the development of the agricultural sector as a universal
remedy to overcome the major challenges faced by rural dwellers and to achieve the
rural development goal. Although the literature shows that focusing on agricultural
development alone cannot bring about the desired development in rural areas, other
relevant factors, such as political will and governments’ huge investments in the
education sector, health, transport, and commerce, credible electoral process, and
fight against corruption, hunger, and injustice, amongst others, will perceptibly bring
about the desired rural development (Wholey 1982).
3.4.3 Urban Development Model
The urban development model is a concept that encourages the development of
capital projects in the urban areas. Principally, the model is based on the methodological premise assumption that the benefits of urban area development will trickledown to the rural areas and further reflect and arouse growth and development in
the rural areas. In contrast, Roundinell et al. (1975) posited that the concept of this
model has failed practically in many third-world formations largely due to overconcentration of development projects in the urban centres resulting in rural–urban
3 Rural Development in Africa: Challenges and Opportunities
37