Durzyńska J, Goździcka-Józefiak A (2015) Viruses and cells intertwined since the dawn of
evolution. Virol J 12(1):169
Feng L (2019) Nebula-relay theory: a new theory about the origin of life on the earth. arXiv preprint
arXiv:1910.06396. arXiv:1910.06396
Forterre P (2006) The origin of viruses and their possible roles in major evolutionary transitions.
Virus Res 117(1):5–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2006.01.010
Forterre P (2010) Defining life: the virus viewpoint. Orig Life Evol Biosph 40(2):151–160
Forterre P (2017) The origin, nature and Definittion of viruses (and life): new concepts and
controversies. Institute Pasteur 1:15–26
Forterre P, Gaïa M (2016) Giant viruses and the origin of modern eukaryotes. Curr Opin Microbiol
31:44–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2016.02.001
Gaia M, Da Cunha V, Forterre P (2018) The tree of life. In: Molecular mechanisms of microbial
evolution. Springer, Cham, pp 55–99
Goldstein T, Anthony SJ, Gbakima A, Bird B, Bangura J, Tremeau-Bravard A et al (2019) The
discovery of a new Ebolavirus, Bombali virus, adds further support for bats as hosts of
Ebolaviruses. Int J Infect Dis 79:4–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2018.11.028
Greninger AL (2018) A decade of RNA virus metagenomics is (not) enough. Virus Res
244:218–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2017.10.014
Hawkins GS (1964) Interplanetary debris near the earth. Annu Rev Astron Astrophys 2
(1):149–164. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.aa.02.090164.001053
Hayden EJ, Lehman N, Unrau PJ (2018) RNA and ribozymes in the development of life. Handb
Astrobiology 6:379
Hegde NR, Maddur MS, Kaveri SV, Bayry J (2009) Reasons to include viruses in the tree of life.
Nat Rev Microbiol 7(8):615–615
Horneck G, Moeller R, Cadet J, Douki T, Mancinelli RL, Nicholson WL, Panitz C, Rabbow E,
Rettberg P, Spry A, Stackebrandt E (2012) Resistance of bacterial endospores to outer space for
planetary protection purposes—experiment PROTECT of the EXPOSE-E mission. Astrobiology 12(5):445–456. https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2011.0737
Hurst CJ (2000) An introduction to viral taxonomy and the proposal of Akamara, a potential domain
for the genomic acellular agents. In: Viral ecology. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 41–62
Hurst GD, Werren JH (2001) The role of selfish genetic elements in eukaryotic evolution. Nat Rev
Genet 2(8):597–606
Iranzo J, Krupovic M, Koonin EV (2016) The double-stranded DNA virosphere as a modular
hierarchical network of gene sharing. MBio 7(4):e00978–e00916
Kawaguchi Y, Yokobori SI, Hashimoto H, Yano H, Tabata M, Kawai H, Yamagishi A (2016)
Investigation of the interplanetary transfer of microbes in the Tanpopo mission at the exposed
facility of the international space station. Astrobiology 16(5):363–376. https://doi.org/10.1089/
ast.2015.1415
Kazlauskas D, Varsani A, Koonin EV, Krupovic M (2019) Multiple origins of prokaryotic and
eukaryotic single-stranded DNA viruses from bacterial and archaeal plasmids. Nat commun 10
(1):1–12
King LS (1952) Dr. Koch’s postulates. J Hist Med Allied Sci 7:350–361
Koonin EV (2016) Viruses and mobile elements as drivers of evolutionary transitions. Philos Trans
R Soc B: Biol Sci 371(1701):20150442
Koonin EV, Yutin N (2018) Multiple evolutionary origins of giant viruses. F1000Res 7:F1000
Faculty Rev-18. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.16248.1
Krishnamurthy SR, Wang D (2017) Origins and challenges of viral dark matter. Virus Res
239:136–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2017.02.002
Krupovic M, Koonin EV (2017) Multiple origins of viral capsid proteins from cellular ancestors.
Proc Natl Acad Sci 114(12):E2401–E2410
Krupovic M, Cvirkaite-Krupovic V, Iranzo J, Prangishvili D, Koonin EV (2018) Viruses of
archaea: structural, functional, environmental and evolutionary genomics. Virus Res
244:181–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2017.11.025
624
A. Lauer
evolution. Virol J 12(1):169
Feng L (2019) Nebula-relay theory: a new theory about the origin of life on the earth. arXiv preprint
arXiv:1910.06396. arXiv:1910.06396
Forterre P (2006) The origin of viruses and their possible roles in major evolutionary transitions.
Virus Res 117(1):5–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2006.01.010
Forterre P (2010) Defining life: the virus viewpoint. Orig Life Evol Biosph 40(2):151–160
Forterre P (2017) The origin, nature and Definittion of viruses (and life): new concepts and
controversies. Institute Pasteur 1:15–26
Forterre P, Gaïa M (2016) Giant viruses and the origin of modern eukaryotes. Curr Opin Microbiol
31:44–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2016.02.001
Gaia M, Da Cunha V, Forterre P (2018) The tree of life. In: Molecular mechanisms of microbial
evolution. Springer, Cham, pp 55–99
Goldstein T, Anthony SJ, Gbakima A, Bird B, Bangura J, Tremeau-Bravard A et al (2019) The
discovery of a new Ebolavirus, Bombali virus, adds further support for bats as hosts of
Ebolaviruses. Int J Infect Dis 79:4–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2018.11.028
Greninger AL (2018) A decade of RNA virus metagenomics is (not) enough. Virus Res
244:218–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2017.10.014
Hawkins GS (1964) Interplanetary debris near the earth. Annu Rev Astron Astrophys 2
(1):149–164. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.aa.02.090164.001053
Hayden EJ, Lehman N, Unrau PJ (2018) RNA and ribozymes in the development of life. Handb
Astrobiology 6:379
Hegde NR, Maddur MS, Kaveri SV, Bayry J (2009) Reasons to include viruses in the tree of life.
Nat Rev Microbiol 7(8):615–615
Horneck G, Moeller R, Cadet J, Douki T, Mancinelli RL, Nicholson WL, Panitz C, Rabbow E,
Rettberg P, Spry A, Stackebrandt E (2012) Resistance of bacterial endospores to outer space for
planetary protection purposes—experiment PROTECT of the EXPOSE-E mission. Astrobiology 12(5):445–456. https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2011.0737
Hurst CJ (2000) An introduction to viral taxonomy and the proposal of Akamara, a potential domain
for the genomic acellular agents. In: Viral ecology. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 41–62
Hurst GD, Werren JH (2001) The role of selfish genetic elements in eukaryotic evolution. Nat Rev
Genet 2(8):597–606
Iranzo J, Krupovic M, Koonin EV (2016) The double-stranded DNA virosphere as a modular
hierarchical network of gene sharing. MBio 7(4):e00978–e00916
Kawaguchi Y, Yokobori SI, Hashimoto H, Yano H, Tabata M, Kawai H, Yamagishi A (2016)
Investigation of the interplanetary transfer of microbes in the Tanpopo mission at the exposed
facility of the international space station. Astrobiology 16(5):363–376. https://doi.org/10.1089/
ast.2015.1415
Kazlauskas D, Varsani A, Koonin EV, Krupovic M (2019) Multiple origins of prokaryotic and
eukaryotic single-stranded DNA viruses from bacterial and archaeal plasmids. Nat commun 10
(1):1–12
King LS (1952) Dr. Koch’s postulates. J Hist Med Allied Sci 7:350–361
Koonin EV (2016) Viruses and mobile elements as drivers of evolutionary transitions. Philos Trans
R Soc B: Biol Sci 371(1701):20150442
Koonin EV, Yutin N (2018) Multiple evolutionary origins of giant viruses. F1000Res 7:F1000
Faculty Rev-18. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.16248.1
Krishnamurthy SR, Wang D (2017) Origins and challenges of viral dark matter. Virus Res
239:136–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2017.02.002
Krupovic M, Koonin EV (2017) Multiple origins of viral capsid proteins from cellular ancestors.
Proc Natl Acad Sci 114(12):E2401–E2410
Krupovic M, Cvirkaite-Krupovic V, Iranzo J, Prangishvili D, Koonin EV (2018) Viruses of
archaea: structural, functional, environmental and evolutionary genomics. Virus Res
244:181–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2017.11.025
624
A. Lauer