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evolution, cellular origin, life in extreme habitats and astrobiology 22. Springer Science+Business Media, Dordrecht, pp 723–742
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Pfl 2(2):123–200
Gontier N (2016) Symbiogenesis. In: Kliman RM (ed) The encyclopaedia of evolutionary biology,
vol 4. Academic Press, Oxford, pp 261–271
Grilli-Caiola M, Forni C (1999) The hard life of prokaryotes in the leaf cavities of Azolla. In:
Seckbach J (ed) Enigmatic microorganisms and life in extreme environments. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp 629–639
Guerrero R, Margulis L, Berlanga M (2013) Symbiogenesis: the holobiont as unit of evolution. Int
Microbiol 16:133–143
Haahtela T (2019) A biodiversity hypothesis. Allergy 74:1445–1456
Honegger R (2000) Simon Schwendener (1829–1919) and the dual hypothesis of lichens. Bryologist 103:167–183
Huxley J (1942) Evolution. The modern synthesis. George Allen & Unwin Ltd, London
Kaur H, Bose C, Mande SS (2019) Tryptophan metabolism by gut microbiome and gut-brain-axis:
an in silico analysis. Front Neurosci 13:1365. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2019.01365
Kozo-Polyansky B (2010) Symbiogenesis. A new principle of evolution. In: Fet V, Margulis L
(trans) Harvard University Press, Cambridge (from the Russian edition, 1924)
Lumière A (1919) Le mythe des symbiotes. Masson et Cie, Paris
Margulis L (1970) Origin of eukaryotic cells: evidence and research implications for a theory of the
origin and evolution of microbial, plant and animal cells on the Precambrian earth. Yale
University Press, London
Margulis L, Fester R (1991) Symbiosis as a source of evolutionary innovation, speciation and
morphogenesis. The MIT Press, Cambridge
Margulis L, Sagan D (2002) Acquiring genomes. A theory of the origin of species. Basic Books,
New York
Mayr E (1942) Systematics and the origins of species, from the viewpoint of a zoologist. Harvard
University Press, Cambridge
Mayr E (1982) The growth of biological thought. Diversity, evolution and inheritance. Harvard
University Press, Cambridge
Mayr E (2001) What evolution is. Weidenfeld, Nicolson, Basic Books, London
Merezhkowsky C (1905) Uber natur und ursprung der chromatophoren im pflanzenreiche. Biol
Centralbl 25(593–604):689–691
Merezhkowsky C (1909) The theory of two plasms as foundation of symbiogenesis. A new doctrine
on the origins of organisms. Proc Stud Imperial Kazan Univ 12:1–102
Merezhkowsky C (1920) La plante considerée comme un complexe symbiotique. Bulletin de la
Societé des Sciences Naturelles de l’Ouest de la France 6:17–98
Muller HJ (1927) Artificial transmutaion of the gene. Science 66(1699):84–87
Munzi S, Cruz C, Corrêa A (2019) When the exception becomes the rule: an integrative approach to
symbiosis. Sci Total Environ 672:855–861
Nass MMK, Nass S (1963a) Intramitochondrial fibers with DNA characteristics. I. Fixation and
electron staining reactions. J Cell Biol 19:593–611
Nass MMK, Nass S (1963b) Intramitochondrial fibers with DNA characteristics. II. Enzymatic and
other hydrolytic treatments. J Cell Biol 19:613–629
Nylander W (1896) Les lichens des environs de Paris. Typographie Paul Schmidt, Paris
Osawa R, Blanshard WH, O’Callaghan PG (1993) Microbiological studies of the intestinal microflora of the koala, Phascolarctos cinereus. II. Pap, a special maternal faeces consumed by
juvenile koalas. Aust J Zool 41:611–620
Papaefthimiou D, Van Hove C, Lejeune A, Rasmussen U, Wilmotte A (2008) Diversity and host
specificity of Azolla cyanobionts. J Phycol 44:60–70
Pereira L, Rodrigues T, Carrapiço F (2012) A symbiogenic way in the origin of life. In: Seckbach J
(ed) Genesis - in the beginning. Precursors of life, chemical models and early. Biological
evolution, cellular origin, life in extreme habitats and astrobiology 22. Springer Science+Business Media, Dordrecht, pp 723–742
610
F. Carrapiço