Table 22.1 (continued)
HMs Crop
Phytotoxic effects
a
References
Cicer arietinum
(Chickpea)
• Decline in the seed germination, biomass and plant growth
• Suppression of root nodules, roots and
lateral roots
• Reduction in chlorophyll content and
development of chlorosis
Khan and Khan
(2010)
Hordeum vulgare
(Barley)
• Decreased dry weight, which was more
prominent in roots than in shoots
• Interveinal chlorosis of younger leaves,
necrosis of mature leaves and browning
of the root system
Rahman et al.
(2005)
Pb
Lactuca sativa (Lettuce)
• Decrease in shoot growth
• Disturbed lettuce growth and net
photosynthesis
Xiong et al.
(2018)
Vicia faba (Faba bean)
• Induction of lipid peroxidation and
H 2 O 2 generation in leaves
• Overproduction of ROS resulting in
bimolecular damage
• Decreased chlorophyll content
Shahid et al.
(2014)
Glycine max (Soybean)
• Inhibitory effect on carbohydrate content
• Starch was more reduced as compared
to other carbohydrates
• Carotenoids were less affected as
compared to total chlorophyll
• Reduction of protein content
Imtiyaz et al.
(2014)
Triticum aestivum
(Wheat)
• Increased lipid peroxidation, enhanced
soluble protein concentrations, accumulation of proline in roots
• Enhanced Esterase activity
• Inhibition of α-amylase activity
• Antioxidant enzymes activities
Lamhamdi et al.
(2011)
Solanum lycopersicum
(Tomato)
• Decreased calcium, magnesium,
potassium phosphorus concentration in
shoot and leafs
• Decreased Na content in roots, shoots
and leafs
• Reduction in chlorophyll biosynthesis
• Decreased root, shoot and leaf water
contents
Akinci et al.
(2010)
Allium sativum (Garlic)
• Antioxidant enzymes increased in roots
and shoots
• Root-shoot growth were significantly
inhibited
Liu et al. (2009)
Phaseolus vulgaris
(Mung bean)
• Decreased root-shoot length
• Reduced dry weight and chlorophyll
Tripathi et al.
(2005)
Oryza sativa (Rice)
• Reduced chlorophyll in leaves, carotene, sugars, phenols, nonprotein
Chatterjee et al.
(2004)
(continued)
22 Beneficial Role of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria in Bioremediation of. . .
451
HMs Crop
Phytotoxic effects
a
References
Cicer arietinum
(Chickpea)
• Decline in the seed germination, biomass and plant growth
• Suppression of root nodules, roots and
lateral roots
• Reduction in chlorophyll content and
development of chlorosis
Khan and Khan
(2010)
Hordeum vulgare
(Barley)
• Decreased dry weight, which was more
prominent in roots than in shoots
• Interveinal chlorosis of younger leaves,
necrosis of mature leaves and browning
of the root system
Rahman et al.
(2005)
Pb
Lactuca sativa (Lettuce)
• Decrease in shoot growth
• Disturbed lettuce growth and net
photosynthesis
Xiong et al.
(2018)
Vicia faba (Faba bean)
• Induction of lipid peroxidation and
H 2 O 2 generation in leaves
• Overproduction of ROS resulting in
bimolecular damage
• Decreased chlorophyll content
Shahid et al.
(2014)
Glycine max (Soybean)
• Inhibitory effect on carbohydrate content
• Starch was more reduced as compared
to other carbohydrates
• Carotenoids were less affected as
compared to total chlorophyll
• Reduction of protein content
Imtiyaz et al.
(2014)
Triticum aestivum
(Wheat)
• Increased lipid peroxidation, enhanced
soluble protein concentrations, accumulation of proline in roots
• Enhanced Esterase activity
• Inhibition of α-amylase activity
• Antioxidant enzymes activities
Lamhamdi et al.
(2011)
Solanum lycopersicum
(Tomato)
• Decreased calcium, magnesium,
potassium phosphorus concentration in
shoot and leafs
• Decreased Na content in roots, shoots
and leafs
• Reduction in chlorophyll biosynthesis
• Decreased root, shoot and leaf water
contents
Akinci et al.
(2010)
Allium sativum (Garlic)
• Antioxidant enzymes increased in roots
and shoots
• Root-shoot growth were significantly
inhibited
Liu et al. (2009)
Phaseolus vulgaris
(Mung bean)
• Decreased root-shoot length
• Reduced dry weight and chlorophyll
Tripathi et al.
(2005)
Oryza sativa (Rice)
• Reduced chlorophyll in leaves, carotene, sugars, phenols, nonprotein
Chatterjee et al.
(2004)
(continued)
22 Beneficial Role of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria in Bioremediation of. . .
451