184
Hay R (2018) Therapy of skin, hair and nail fungal infections. J Fungi (Basel) 4(3):99
Heymann P, Ernst JF, Winkelmann G (2000) Identification and substrate specificity of a ferrichrometype siderophore transporter (Arn1p) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Microbiol Lett
186(2):221–227
Heymann P, Gerads M, Schaller M et al (2002) The siderophore iron transporter of Candida albicans (Sit1p/Arn1p) mediates uptake of ferrichrome-type siderophores and is required for epithelial invasion. Infect Immun 70(9):5246–5255
Hilty J, George Smulian A, Newman SL (2011) Histoplasma capsulatum utilizes siderophores for
intracellular iron acquisition in macrophages. Med Mycol 49(6):633–642
Hissen AH, Moore MM (2005) Site-specific rate constants for iron acquisition from transferrin by
the Aspergillus fumigatus siderophores N′,N″,N′″-triacetylfusarinine C and ferricrocin. J Biol
Inorg Chem 10(3):211–220
Hissen AH, Chow JM, Pinto LJ et al (2004) Survival of Aspergillus fumigatus in serum involves
removal of iron from transferrin: the role of siderophores. Infect Immun 72(3):1402–1408
Hissen AH, Wan AN, Warwas ML et al (2005) The Aspergillus fumigatus siderophore biosynthetic gene sidA, encoding L-ornithine N5-oxygenase, is required for virulence. Infect Immun
73(9):5493–5503
Howard DH (1999) Acquisition, transport, and storage of iron by pathogenic fungi. Clin Microbiol
Rev 12(3):394–404
HSE.ie (2019) Side effects of antifungal medicines – HSE.ie. Available at: https://www.hse.ie/
eng/health/az/a/antifungal-medicines/side-effects-of-antifungal-medicines-html. Accessed 17
Nov 2018
Hu CJ, Bai C, Zheng XD et al (2002) Characterization and functional analysis of the siderophore–
iron transporter CaArn1p in Candida albicans. J Biol Chem 277(34):30598–30605
Hwang LH, Mayfield JA, Rine J et al (2008) Histoplasma requires SID1, a member of an ironregulated siderophore gene cluster, for host colonization. PLoS Pathog 4(4):e1000044
Ismail A, Bedell GW, Lupan DM (1985) Siderophore production by the pathogenic yeast Candida
albicans. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 130(2):885–891
Jung WH, Sham A, Lian T et al (2008) Iron source preference and regulation of iron uptake in
Cryptococcus neoformans. PLoS Pathog 4(2):e45
Knight SA, Vilaire G, Lesuisse E et al (2005) Iron acquisition from transferrin by Candida albicans
depends on the reductive pathway. Infect Immun 73(9):5482–5492
Kyriakidis I, Tragiannidis A, Munchen S et al (2017) Clinical hepatotoxicity associated with antifungal agents. Expert Opin Drug Saf 16(2):149–165
Lesuisse E, Blaiseau PL, Dancis A et al (2001) Siderophore uptake and use by the yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbiology 147(Pt2):289–298
Lesuisse E, Knight SA, Camadro JM et al (2002) Siderophore uptake by Candida albicans: effect
of serum treatment and comparison with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 19(4):329–340
Lian T, Simmer MI, D’Souza CA et al (2005) Iron-regulated transcription and capsule formation in
the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. Mol Microbiol 55(5):1452–1472
Liu Y, Filler SG (2011) Candida albicans Als3, a multifunctional adhesin and invasin. Eukaryot
Cell 10(2):168–173
Mavor AL, Thewes S, Hube B (2005) Systemic fungal infections caused by Candida species: epidemiology, infection process and virulence attributes. Curr Drug Targets 6(8):863–874
Mazu TK, Bricker BA, Flores-Rozas H et al (2016) The mechanistic targets of antifungal agents:
an overview. Mini Rev Med Chem 16(7):555–578
Mercier A, Labbé S (2010) Iron-dependent remodeling of fungal metabolic pathways associated
with ferrichrome biosynthesis. Appl Environ Microbiol 76(12):3806–3817
Nakamura I, Yoshimura S, Masaki T et al (2017) ASP2397: a novel antifungal agent produced by
Acremonium persicinum MF-347833. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 70(1):45–51
Noble SM (2013) Candida albicans specializations for iron homeostasis: from commensalism to
virulence. Curr Opin Microbiol 16(6):708–715
A. Shanmugam et al.
Hay R (2018) Therapy of skin, hair and nail fungal infections. J Fungi (Basel) 4(3):99
Heymann P, Ernst JF, Winkelmann G (2000) Identification and substrate specificity of a ferrichrometype siderophore transporter (Arn1p) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Microbiol Lett
186(2):221–227
Heymann P, Gerads M, Schaller M et al (2002) The siderophore iron transporter of Candida albicans (Sit1p/Arn1p) mediates uptake of ferrichrome-type siderophores and is required for epithelial invasion. Infect Immun 70(9):5246–5255
Hilty J, George Smulian A, Newman SL (2011) Histoplasma capsulatum utilizes siderophores for
intracellular iron acquisition in macrophages. Med Mycol 49(6):633–642
Hissen AH, Moore MM (2005) Site-specific rate constants for iron acquisition from transferrin by
the Aspergillus fumigatus siderophores N′,N″,N′″-triacetylfusarinine C and ferricrocin. J Biol
Inorg Chem 10(3):211–220
Hissen AH, Chow JM, Pinto LJ et al (2004) Survival of Aspergillus fumigatus in serum involves
removal of iron from transferrin: the role of siderophores. Infect Immun 72(3):1402–1408
Hissen AH, Wan AN, Warwas ML et al (2005) The Aspergillus fumigatus siderophore biosynthetic gene sidA, encoding L-ornithine N5-oxygenase, is required for virulence. Infect Immun
73(9):5493–5503
Howard DH (1999) Acquisition, transport, and storage of iron by pathogenic fungi. Clin Microbiol
Rev 12(3):394–404
HSE.ie (2019) Side effects of antifungal medicines – HSE.ie. Available at: https://www.hse.ie/
eng/health/az/a/antifungal-medicines/side-effects-of-antifungal-medicines-html. Accessed 17
Nov 2018
Hu CJ, Bai C, Zheng XD et al (2002) Characterization and functional analysis of the siderophore–
iron transporter CaArn1p in Candida albicans. J Biol Chem 277(34):30598–30605
Hwang LH, Mayfield JA, Rine J et al (2008) Histoplasma requires SID1, a member of an ironregulated siderophore gene cluster, for host colonization. PLoS Pathog 4(4):e1000044
Ismail A, Bedell GW, Lupan DM (1985) Siderophore production by the pathogenic yeast Candida
albicans. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 130(2):885–891
Jung WH, Sham A, Lian T et al (2008) Iron source preference and regulation of iron uptake in
Cryptococcus neoformans. PLoS Pathog 4(2):e45
Knight SA, Vilaire G, Lesuisse E et al (2005) Iron acquisition from transferrin by Candida albicans
depends on the reductive pathway. Infect Immun 73(9):5482–5492
Kyriakidis I, Tragiannidis A, Munchen S et al (2017) Clinical hepatotoxicity associated with antifungal agents. Expert Opin Drug Saf 16(2):149–165
Lesuisse E, Blaiseau PL, Dancis A et al (2001) Siderophore uptake and use by the yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbiology 147(Pt2):289–298
Lesuisse E, Knight SA, Camadro JM et al (2002) Siderophore uptake by Candida albicans: effect
of serum treatment and comparison with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yeast 19(4):329–340
Lian T, Simmer MI, D’Souza CA et al (2005) Iron-regulated transcription and capsule formation in
the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans. Mol Microbiol 55(5):1452–1472
Liu Y, Filler SG (2011) Candida albicans Als3, a multifunctional adhesin and invasin. Eukaryot
Cell 10(2):168–173
Mavor AL, Thewes S, Hube B (2005) Systemic fungal infections caused by Candida species: epidemiology, infection process and virulence attributes. Curr Drug Targets 6(8):863–874
Mazu TK, Bricker BA, Flores-Rozas H et al (2016) The mechanistic targets of antifungal agents:
an overview. Mini Rev Med Chem 16(7):555–578
Mercier A, Labbé S (2010) Iron-dependent remodeling of fungal metabolic pathways associated
with ferrichrome biosynthesis. Appl Environ Microbiol 76(12):3806–3817
Nakamura I, Yoshimura S, Masaki T et al (2017) ASP2397: a novel antifungal agent produced by
Acremonium persicinum MF-347833. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 70(1):45–51
Noble SM (2013) Candida albicans specializations for iron homeostasis: from commensalism to
virulence. Curr Opin Microbiol 16(6):708–715
A. Shanmugam et al.