580
Structural cells, 401
Structure from motion (SfM) techniques,
316, 438
Study area
selecting, 136, 142, 392, 398, 399
Supervised classification, 274, 276, 292, 403
Supporting services, 451, 462
Surface Biology and Geology (SBG), 295, 506
characteristics, 507–509
mission, 4, 10
imaging spectrometer, 451
Surrogacy, see Optical surrogacy
SVD, see Singular value decomposition
(SVD)
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR), 237
interferometry, 233
T
Tannins, 48, 55, 107, 175, 179–180
Taxonomic diversity, 23, 26, 241, 311,
334, 391
Temperature
predicting biodiversity from, 255–263
Temporal, 464–466
domain, 69, 272
scale, 434–435
resolution, 87, 237, 280, 288, 323
Temporal aggregation
implications for remote sensing, 515
Temporal domain, 9, 69, 271, 272, 282
TERENO pre-alpine grassland site, 323
Terra, see Moderate Resolution Imaging
Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
Terrain Ruggedness Index (TRI), 231–232
Terrestrial Chlorophyll Index (MTCI), 453
Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network
(TERN), 387
Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), 85–89, 455
Thematic classification, 330–331
Thematic Exploitation Platforms, 521
Thermal infrared (TIR), 323, 324, 365
Thermal RS, 322–323
3-D Reconstruction, 83, 85–87, 92,
94, 96, 100
Time of Flight (TOF) 3-D camera, 316
TIMESAT, 454
Tomography, 330, 332
Topographic Position Index (TPI), 231
Topography, 44–45, 97, 136, 227, 228, 230,
233, 235, 239, 241, 497
remote sensing of, 231, 464, 497
Trait-based ecology, 174
Tree density
estimating, 455
Tree height, 329, 332
ALS derived, 99
determining with LiDAR, 327
Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission
(TRMM), 230, 235, 464
TRY database, 69–70, 364, 392, 463, 466–467
Turnaround time, 146
U
UAS imagery, 290
UASs, see Unmanned aerial systems (UASs)
UN Environment Programme (UNEP), 269
United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change, 488
University Zürich, 11
Unmanned aerial systems (UAS), 71, 312,
317–320, 386
advantages, 317
to characterize vegetation structure, 319
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), see
Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS)
Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), 4, 273,
285, 290–292, 295, 296, 312,
317–320, 403, 436, 441, 458, 472
for sensing invasive alien species, 273
UN Sustainable Development Goal, 270
Urban ecosystems, 292–293, 469
US Endangered Species Act, 227
US Forest Inventory and Analysis Program, 9
US Forest Service, 143–145, 239
US National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA), 4
US National Ecological Observatory Network
(NEON), 10, 70, 115, 387, 454, 524
US National Invasive Species Council, 270
US National Research Council second
Decadal Survey, see Decadal survey
US National Science Foundation (NSF), 11
US Space Shuttle Endeavour, 231
V
Validation, 96–97, 99
of remote sensing products, 473–475
of trait predictions, 94
See also Accuracy assessment
Vegetation classification, see Classification
Vegetation condition
assessing, 123, 127, 134, 136, 143, 148,
458–459 (see also Decline, stress)
Vegetation indices, 48, 61, 127, 129, 135–137,
139, 141, 143, 278, 281, 321, 331,
391, 430, 454, 462, 473
See also Spectral indices; NDVI
Index
Structural cells, 401
Structure from motion (SfM) techniques,
316, 438
Study area
selecting, 136, 142, 392, 398, 399
Supervised classification, 274, 276, 292, 403
Supporting services, 451, 462
Surface Biology and Geology (SBG), 295, 506
characteristics, 507–509
mission, 4, 10
imaging spectrometer, 451
Surrogacy, see Optical surrogacy
SVD, see Singular value decomposition
(SVD)
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR), 237
interferometry, 233
T
Tannins, 48, 55, 107, 175, 179–180
Taxonomic diversity, 23, 26, 241, 311,
334, 391
Temperature
predicting biodiversity from, 255–263
Temporal, 464–466
domain, 69, 272
scale, 434–435
resolution, 87, 237, 280, 288, 323
Temporal aggregation
implications for remote sensing, 515
Temporal domain, 9, 69, 271, 272, 282
TERENO pre-alpine grassland site, 323
Terra, see Moderate Resolution Imaging
Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
Terrain Ruggedness Index (TRI), 231–232
Terrestrial Chlorophyll Index (MTCI), 453
Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network
(TERN), 387
Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), 85–89, 455
Thematic classification, 330–331
Thematic Exploitation Platforms, 521
Thermal infrared (TIR), 323, 324, 365
Thermal RS, 322–323
3-D Reconstruction, 83, 85–87, 92,
94, 96, 100
Time of Flight (TOF) 3-D camera, 316
TIMESAT, 454
Tomography, 330, 332
Topographic Position Index (TPI), 231
Topography, 44–45, 97, 136, 227, 228, 230,
233, 235, 239, 241, 497
remote sensing of, 231, 464, 497
Trait-based ecology, 174
Tree density
estimating, 455
Tree height, 329, 332
ALS derived, 99
determining with LiDAR, 327
Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission
(TRMM), 230, 235, 464
TRY database, 69–70, 364, 392, 463, 466–467
Turnaround time, 146
U
UAS imagery, 290
UASs, see Unmanned aerial systems (UASs)
UN Environment Programme (UNEP), 269
United Nations Framework Convention on
Climate Change, 488
University Zürich, 11
Unmanned aerial systems (UAS), 71, 312,
317–320, 386
advantages, 317
to characterize vegetation structure, 319
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), see
Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS)
Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), 4, 273,
285, 290–292, 295, 296, 312,
317–320, 403, 436, 441, 458, 472
for sensing invasive alien species, 273
UN Sustainable Development Goal, 270
Urban ecosystems, 292–293, 469
US Endangered Species Act, 227
US Forest Inventory and Analysis Program, 9
US Forest Service, 143–145, 239
US National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA), 4
US National Ecological Observatory Network
(NEON), 10, 70, 115, 387, 454, 524
US National Invasive Species Council, 270
US National Research Council second
Decadal Survey, see Decadal survey
US National Science Foundation (NSF), 11
US Space Shuttle Endeavour, 231
V
Validation, 96–97, 99
of remote sensing products, 473–475
of trait predictions, 94
See also Accuracy assessment
Vegetation classification, see Classification
Vegetation condition
assessing, 123, 127, 134, 136, 143, 148,
458–459 (see also Decline, stress)
Vegetation indices, 48, 61, 127, 129, 135–137,
139, 141, 143, 278, 281, 321, 331,
391, 430, 454, 462, 473
See also Spectral indices; NDVI
Index