581
Vegetation stress, 123, 129–133, 135, 137,
143, 312–313
Vegetation structure, 56, 60, 84–85, 92, 202,
217, 317, 319–320, 325,
328–329, 331
implications for remote sensing, 510–513
indicators, 326
monitoring with LiDAR, 325
Vertical vegetation structure
representing with LiDAR, 326, 328
Very high spatial resolution imagery, 317
Visible to Shortwave Infrared (VSWIR), 115
VNIR instruments, 410, 413
W
Water
column, 286–289, 294
light refraction and absorption by, 361
Water content
remote sensing of, 58
Water deficit index (WDI), 324
Water quality
measuring macrophytes and, 286
remote sensing of, 236
Water stress, 324
measuring, 459
Water surface temperature, 234
Waveform decomposition, 326
Wavelet
analysis, 376
transforms, 61
Weather
stations, 202–203, 215
remote sensing of, 234–235
White reference measurements,
411, 414
Whole plant economic spectrum, 174
See also Plant economic spectrum
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), 9, 312,
315, 316, 319
uses, 315
WorldClim, 199–200, 204–206, 208–215,
256, 259
available environmental products, 208
Worldclim-2, 234
World Vegetation Health Index, 143
Worldview, 320
X
Xanthophyll
ecosystem characteristics associated
with, 506
Index