575
Macrophyte, see Aquatic macrophyte
Manual measuring, 312
Map of Life, 494
Marine Biodiversity Observation Network, 489
Marking plots, 409
Mass absorption coefficient, see Extinction
coefficient
Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), 274
MCRT, see Monte Carlo ray tracing (MCRT)
Mean phylogenetic distance (MPD), 27
Melastomes, 257, 262
MERIS Global Vegetation Index (MGVI), 453
Metadata
sampling, 388
Microlight, 312
Millenium Ecosystem Assessment, 34
Minimum noise fraction (MNF), 273, 276
Mobile crane, 312
Model boundaries, 389, 399
Model calibration, 327, 390
Model validation, 9, 390, 393, 402
Moderate Resolution Imaging
Spectroradiometer (MODIS), 91,
230, 232–235, 237, 243, 259, 320,
322–324, 451, 453, 455, 458, 464,
469, 470, 472, 513
use for modeling biodiversity, 206
Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for
Research and Applications
(MERRA), 235
MODIS, see Moderate Resolution Imaging
Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
MODTRAN, 417
Molecular absorption processes, 363–364, 377
Monte Carlo ray tracing (MCRT), 85
Morphological species concept (MSC), 334
Mountain pine beetle, 122
Movebank, 458
MPD, see Mean phylogenetic distance (MPD)
Multiband imagery, 365–366
Multimission Algorithm and Analysis Platform
(MAAP), 521
Multisource data
for indirect assessment of grassland
invasive alien species, 280
Multisource vegetation diversity and health
monitoring network (MUSOVDH- MN), 333, 334
Multispectral data
for mapping aquatic invasive alien
species, 283
Multispectral satellite data, 271
use in mapping invasive alien species, 276
Multispectral sensors, 127–134, 315
N
NASADEM, 231
NASA Earth Exchange, 521
NASA Land Product Validation Subgroup, 474
NASA Terra and Aqua satellite, 323
National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA), 11, 135,
146, 230–232, 235–237, 245,
474, 520
Biological Diversity and Ecological
Forecasting Program, 11
SBG mission, 10
National Ecological Observatory Network
(NEON), 51, 70, 115, 228, 387,
442, 454, 524
need for, 521
spaceborne remote sensing, 524
standardization, 524
National Environmental Satellite, Data and
Information Service (NESDIS), 143
National Institute for Mathematical Biology
and Synthesis (NIMBioS), 11
National Land Cover Database (NLCD), 280
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA), 143, 453,
454, 458
National Science Foundation (NSF) Research
Coordination Network on
Biodiversity, 11
Natural Environment Research Council
(NERC), 387
The Nature Conservancy, 227
Near-infrared (NIR), 50, 58, 183, 273, 276,
350–356, 412, 459
optical signal sources in, 58
Near-infrared plateau, 127
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), 182
measuring plant polyphenolics with, 179
NEON, see National Ecological Observatory
Network (NEON)
NEON AOP, 52
NESDIS, see National Environmental
Satellite, Data, and Information
Service (NESDIS)
Niche difference model, 320
NISAR, 329
Nitrogen, 177
ecosystem characteristics associated
with, 506
to estimate functional properties and
biological diversity, 363
foliar/leaf, 44, 47, 53, 61, 63, 107, 110,
114, 177, 363, 505–506, 512
interaction with lignin, 178
Index
Macrophyte, see Aquatic macrophyte
Manual measuring, 312
Map of Life, 494
Marine Biodiversity Observation Network, 489
Marking plots, 409
Mass absorption coefficient, see Extinction
coefficient
Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), 274
MCRT, see Monte Carlo ray tracing (MCRT)
Mean phylogenetic distance (MPD), 27
Melastomes, 257, 262
MERIS Global Vegetation Index (MGVI), 453
Metadata
sampling, 388
Microlight, 312
Millenium Ecosystem Assessment, 34
Minimum noise fraction (MNF), 273, 276
Mobile crane, 312
Model boundaries, 389, 399
Model calibration, 327, 390
Model validation, 9, 390, 393, 402
Moderate Resolution Imaging
Spectroradiometer (MODIS), 91,
230, 232–235, 237, 243, 259, 320,
322–324, 451, 453, 455, 458, 464,
469, 470, 472, 513
use for modeling biodiversity, 206
Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for
Research and Applications
(MERRA), 235
MODIS, see Moderate Resolution Imaging
Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
MODTRAN, 417
Molecular absorption processes, 363–364, 377
Monte Carlo ray tracing (MCRT), 85
Morphological species concept (MSC), 334
Mountain pine beetle, 122
Movebank, 458
MPD, see Mean phylogenetic distance (MPD)
Multiband imagery, 365–366
Multimission Algorithm and Analysis Platform
(MAAP), 521
Multisource data
for indirect assessment of grassland
invasive alien species, 280
Multisource vegetation diversity and health
monitoring network (MUSOVDH- MN), 333, 334
Multispectral data
for mapping aquatic invasive alien
species, 283
Multispectral satellite data, 271
use in mapping invasive alien species, 276
Multispectral sensors, 127–134, 315
N
NASADEM, 231
NASA Earth Exchange, 521
NASA Land Product Validation Subgroup, 474
NASA Terra and Aqua satellite, 323
National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA), 11, 135,
146, 230–232, 235–237, 245,
474, 520
Biological Diversity and Ecological
Forecasting Program, 11
SBG mission, 10
National Ecological Observatory Network
(NEON), 51, 70, 115, 228, 387,
442, 454, 524
need for, 521
spaceborne remote sensing, 524
standardization, 524
National Environmental Satellite, Data and
Information Service (NESDIS), 143
National Institute for Mathematical Biology
and Synthesis (NIMBioS), 11
National Land Cover Database (NLCD), 280
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA), 143, 453,
454, 458
National Science Foundation (NSF) Research
Coordination Network on
Biodiversity, 11
Natural Environment Research Council
(NERC), 387
The Nature Conservancy, 227
Near-infrared (NIR), 50, 58, 183, 273, 276,
350–356, 412, 459
optical signal sources in, 58
Near-infrared plateau, 127
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), 182
measuring plant polyphenolics with, 179
NEON, see National Ecological Observatory
Network (NEON)
NEON AOP, 52
NESDIS, see National Environmental
Satellite, Data, and Information
Service (NESDIS)
Niche difference model, 320
NISAR, 329
Nitrogen, 177
ecosystem characteristics associated
with, 506
to estimate functional properties and
biological diversity, 363
foliar/leaf, 44, 47, 53, 61, 63, 107, 110,
114, 177, 363, 505–506, 512
interaction with lignin, 178
Index